Semester – I Interdisciplinary SC 101-ID: Environment and Society
Ganga Bachao Movement
1. What is the primary objective of the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) To promote industrial development along the Ganga River
(B) To protect the Ganga River from pollution and degradation
(C) To increase religious activities along the Ganga
(D) To encourage tourism along the river
2. Who initiated the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) Baba Amte
(B) Medha Patkar
(C) Swami Sivananda
(D) G.D. Agrawal (Swami Gyan Swaroop)
3. What was the primary focus of the Save Ganga Movement launched in 1998?
(A) To increase religious activities along the Ganga
(B) To raise awareness about the pollution and ecological degradation of the Ganga
(C) To promote industrialization along the river
(D) To advocate for the construction of more dams
4. What is the Ganga Action Plan?
(A) A plan to build more dams on the Ganga
(B) A project aimed at cleaning and restoring the Ganga River
(C) A plan to develop the Ganga basin for tourism
(D) A water conservation project for industrial use
5. In which year was the Ganga Action Plan launched?
(A) 1985
(B) 1991
(C) 2000
(D) 2014
6. What is the main challenge to the Ganga River's health highlighted in the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) Overfishing
(B) Pollution from industries, sewage, and waste disposal
(C) Overflooding
(D) Lack of water flow
7. Which government body is responsible for implementing the Namami Gange program?
(A) Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change
(B) National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)
(C) Ministry of Water Resources
(D) Central Pollution Control Board
8. What is the Namami Gange program?
(A) A scheme for the construction of dams on the Ganga
(B) A program for the cleaning and conservation of the Ganga River
(C) A plan for the economic development of the Ganga basin
(D) A project to promote religious tourism
9. What is one of the major goals of the Namami Gange program?
(A) To provide a safe route for industrial transport
(B) To reduce the level of pollution in the Ganga River
(C) To construct more hydroelectric plants
(D) To increase religious tourism
10. Which of the following actions was taken as part of the Ganga Action Plan?
(A) Installing sewage treatment plants
(B) Constructing new dams on the Ganga
(C) Increasing industrial activities along the Ganga
(D) Banning religious activities
11. What is one of the most significant challenges in cleaning the Ganga?
(A) High population density in the Ganga basin
(B) Lack of government support
(C) Insufficient tourism development
(D) Overfishing
12. How does the pollution in the Ganga River affect public health?
(A) It leads to the spread of waterborne diseases
(B) It improves health conditions
(C) It has no effect on public health
(D) It helps purify water in surrounding areas
13. Which of the following pollutants are primarily responsible for the contamination of the Ganga?
(A) Heavy metals
(B) Industrial effluents
(C) Sewage water
(D) All of the above
14. What role did Swami Gyan Swaroop (G.D. Agrawal) play in the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) He led hunger strikes and protests for Ganga's protection
(B) He promoted tourism along the Ganga
(C) He supported the construction of more dams
(D) He advocated for industrial development in the Ganga basin
15. Which of the following is one of the Ganga Bachao Movement's major demands?
(A) Increased religious festivals along the Ganga
(B) Immediate stoppage of the Ganga Action Plan
(C) The need for better rehabilitation of affected communities
(D) Halt the flow of water through the Ganga
16. Which of the following initiatives focuses on afforestation along the Ganga basin?
(A) Namami Gange
(B) Green Ganga Initiative
(C) Clean Ganga Campaign
(D) Save Ganga Movement
17. The Ganga River is considered sacred by which religious community?
(A) Christians
(B) Hindus
(C) Sikhs
(D) Muslims
18. Which region is most affected by the pollution of the Ganga River?
(A) The Ganga Delta
(B) The Ganga Basin, including parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal
(C) The Himalayas
(D) The Arabian Sea
19. Which city is known for its religious significance and pollution challenges along the Ganga?
(A) Agra
(B) Varanasi
(C) Mumbai
(D) Delhi
20. What is the key feature of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)?
(A) It focuses on increasing tourism along the Ganga
(B) It aims to build more industrial parks along the Ganga
(C) It focuses on cleaning and rejuvenating the Ganga River through various projects
(D) It supports the construction of dams along the Ganga
21. Which environmental organization is part of the efforts to clean and protect the Ganga River?
(A) Greenpeace
(B) WWF India
(C) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
(D) All of the above
22. What was the primary objective of the "Clean Ganga Campaign" launched by the government?
(A) To promote industrial development along the Ganga
(B) To clean and restore the Ganga River through pollution control and waste management
(C) To increase religious tourism
(D) To construct more dams on the river
23. What is the role of the "Ganga Conservation Fund" in the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) To provide financial support for tourism in the Ganga Basin
(B) To fund projects for cleaning and preserving the Ganga
(C) To promote industrial development along the Ganga
(D) To organize religious events along the Ganga
24. Which of the following is one of the primary goals of the Namami Gange program?
(A) To increase the number of religious ceremonies on the Ganga
(B) To develop the Ganga Basin into a tourism hub
(C) To reduce industrial pollution and untreated sewage discharge into the Ganga
(D) To build more dams in the Ganga Basin
25. Which Indian state is home to the largest stretch of the Ganga River?
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) West Bengal
(D) Uttarakhand
26. Which of the following sectors is NOT directly addressed by the Ganga Action Plan and Namami Gange program?
(A) Water treatment and sewage management
(B) Riverfront development
(C) Religious tourism promotion
(D) Afforestation and riverbank restoration
27. What is the significance of the "Ganga Rejuvenation Fund" in the movement?
(A) It is used to support industries along the Ganga
(B) It funds government agencies involved in tourism projects
(C) It provides financial support for river cleaning, wastewater treatment, and afforestation projects
(D) It supports religious activities along the river
28. What is one of the major pollutants affecting the Ganga River?
(A) Carbon dioxide emissions
(B) Sewage and untreated wastewater
(C) Plastic waste from urban areas
(D) Industrial waste chemicals
29. Which of the following is an expected outcome of the Namami Gange program?
(A) Increased population growth along the river
(B) Enhanced economic development by exploiting the river
(C) Improved water quality and ecosystem health in the Ganga River
(D) Reduced governmental regulations on industries along the Ganga
30. Which of the following was one of the challenges highlighted by the Ganga Bachao Movement regarding the Sardar Sarovar Dam?
(A) It would promote agricultural growth
(B) It would cause the displacement of thousands of tribal and rural communities
(C) It would increase water levels in the Ganga River
(D) It would prevent flooding in surrounding areas
31. What was one of the demands of the Narmada Bachao Andolan that also overlaps with the goals of the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) To promote industrial development along the river
(B) To stop the construction of the dam projects along the river
(C) To increase sewage discharge into the river
(D) To promote riverfront development for tourism
32. What was one of the main goals of the Ganga Bachao Movement in terms of the river’s ecosystem?
(A) To increase the flow of industrial waste into the river
(B) To restore the health of the river and its ecosystems
(C) To increase water usage for agricultural purposes
(D) To relocate all industries away from the river
33. Which of the following measures is a key component of the Ganga Action Plan and Namami Gange program?
(A) Encouraging the construction of more industries along the Ganga
(B) Increasing the number of dams on the river
(C) Building sewage treatment plants and waste management systems
(D) Promoting large-scale tourism along the riverbanks
34. Which of the following environmental impacts was specifically raised by the Ganga Bachao Movement regarding the construction of large-scale infrastructure projects along the Ganga?
(A) They would increase biodiversity
(B) They would contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices
(C) They would harm the river’s ecosystem by displacing wildlife and damaging habitats
(D) They would have no significant environmental impact
35. How does the pollution in the Ganga River affect the local population?
(A) It has no impact on the local population
(B) It improves water quality, benefiting the community
(C) It leads to the spread of waterborne diseases like cholera
(D) It makes the river more navigable for transport
36. What was a significant achievement of the Ganga Bachao Movement in terms of policy changes?
(A) The establishment of a new industry along the river
(B) Increased support for clean energy projects
(C) The implementation of stricter pollution control regulations for the Ganga
(D) Construction of more dams along the Ganga
37. How does the Namami Gange program address the issue of wastewater treatment?
(A) By promoting large-scale untreated wastewater discharge
(B) By building more sewage treatment plants and improving wastewater management systems
(C) By relocating industries from the Ganga basin
(D) By encouraging private sector investment in wastewater treatment
38. Which of the following cities is located along the Ganga and is a major center for religious and cultural activities?
(A) Agra
(B) Varanasi
(C) Mumbai
(D) Delhi
39. What environmental impact did the Ganga Bachao Movement highlight about the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam?
(A) It would increase water availability in the Ganga River
(B) It would submerge large areas of forest and agricultural land, causing ecological damage
(C) It would enhance biodiversity in the Ganga basin
(D) It would increase the flow of water in the river
40. What is the primary objective of the "Green Ganga Initiative"?
(A) To promote religious tourism along the Ganga
(B) To build more dams and hydropower plants
(C) To restore and protect the ecological health of the Ganga through afforestation
(D) To support industrial growth along the Ganga
41. Which of the following was a major cause for concern raised by the Ganga Bachao Movement regarding industrialization along the river?
(A) Economic benefits of industrial development
(B) Discharge of untreated industrial effluents into the Ganga
(C) Creation of more job opportunities for locals
(D) Increased religious tourism
42. What role did the Ganga Bachao Movement play in the Ganga Action Plan?
(A) It supported the implementation of the Ganga Action Plan without any objections
(B) It critiqued the plan for not doing enough to address the river’s ecological health and pollution
(C) It advocated for more dams as part of the plan
(D) It focused on promoting tourism through the plan
43. Which of the following is a major aim of the Ganga Bachao Movement with respect to the communities along the river?
(A) To promote industrialization and urbanization
(B) To ensure that the communities are relocated for development purposes
(C) To advocate for the rehabilitation of displaced communities and proper compensation
(D) To promote mining activities along the Ganga basin
44. What was the significant effect of the Ganga Bachao Movement on India's policy towards large river projects?
(A) It led to a complete ban on all river projects in India
(B) It led to stricter environmental regulations and the introduction of public consultations
(C) It resulted in the acceleration of dam construction on major rivers
(D) It caused India to abandon all river-based projects
45. The Ganga Bachao Movement's criticism of the Sardar Sarovar Dam centered around which issue?
(A) It would bring economic prosperity to the region
(B) It would harm the river’s ecology and displace local communities
(C) It would create new job opportunities
(D) It would reduce water pollution
46. Which of the following is a key focus of the "Namami Gange" program launched by the Indian government?
(A) Promoting religious tourism along the Ganga
(B) Clean-up initiatives, including sewage treatment and wastewater management
(C) Increasing industrial activities along the river
(D) Promoting large hydroelectric projects
47. Which of the following was a primary concern of the Ganga Bachao Movement regarding the government’s handling of the Ganga River?
(A) Lack of funding for development projects
(B) Inadequate focus on the river's ecological and cultural significance
(C) Overemphasis on tourism development
(D) Poor infrastructure for transportation along the river
48. What was the impact of the Ganga Bachao Movement on India’s environmental awareness?
(A) It led to the rise of industrial growth along the Ganga
(B) It increased awareness and participation in environmental protection efforts
(C) It caused the government to ignore the ecological importance of rivers
(D) It resulted in the decline of environmental policies in India
49. Which of the following was one of the criticisms leveled against the Ganga Action Plan by the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) The plan focused too much on religious tourism
(B) The plan was ineffective in addressing the root causes of pollution
(C) The plan ignored the ecological value of the river
(D) The plan encouraged further industrialization of the river basin
50. Which of the following was one of the proposed solutions by the Ganga Bachao Movement for cleaning the river?
(A) Construction of more dams
(B) Promotion of water sports and tourism
(C) Improved waste management and sewage treatment
(D) Increasing water extraction for agriculture
51. What was the significant impact of the Ganga Bachao Movement on the public perception of the Ganga?
(A) It increased the river’s importance for economic development
(B) It raised awareness about the river's ecological importance and the need for conservation
(C) It made the river more popular for tourism
(D) It focused solely on increasing industrialization along the river
52. What role did Swami Gyan Swaroop (G.D. Agrawal) play in the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) He supported the government's efforts to industrialize the Ganga
(B) He led hunger strikes and protests advocating for the protection of the Ganga
(C) He promoted religious events along the Ganga
(D) He focused solely on the economic aspects of the river
53. What is one of the core environmental goals of the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) To promote religious tourism along the Ganga
(B) To reduce pollution and protect the biodiversity of the river
(C) To increase industrial activities along the river
(D) To construct more dams to control the river's flow
54. Which of the following is a major pollutant identified in the Ganga River that the Ganga Bachao Movement aims to reduce?
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Sewage and untreated wastewater
(C) Oil spills
(D) Industrial chemicals
55. Which organization launched the Namami Gange program to clean and rejuvenate the Ganga River?
(A) Central Pollution Control Board
(B) National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)
(C) Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
(D) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
56. What was one of the criticisms of the Ganga Action Plan raised by the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) The plan focused too much on tourism
(B) It lacked adequate attention to the river's ecological health and pollution sources
(C) The plan ignored local communities
(D) It failed to address industrial growth along the river
57. Which of the following is one of the major components of the Namami Gange program?
(A) Construction of new hydroelectric dams on the Ganga
(B) Afforestation and riverbank restoration
(C) Increase in industrial projects along the river
(D) Development of religious tourism sites
58. What type of pollution is a significant concern for the Ganga River according to the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) Noise pollution
(B) Air pollution
(C) Water pollution from sewage, waste, and industrial effluents
(D) Radioactive contamination
59. Which environmental organization has been actively involved in campaigns to clean and protect the Ganga?
(A) Greenpeace India
(B) WWF India
(C) Central Pollution Control Board
(D) All of the above
60. What was the result of the Ganga Bachao Movement’s protests against the Ganga Action Plan?
(A) The complete abandonment of the plan
(B) A re-evaluation of the plan with more emphasis on ecological restoration
(C) Expansion of the plan to include more dams
(D) Increased support for industrial projects along the river
61. Which of the following is an expected benefit of the Namami Gange program?
(A) Expansion of industrial activities along the river
(B) Improvement in water quality and ecosystem health of the Ganga
(C) Increased pollution due to more sewage discharge
(D) A decline in the ecological health of the Ganga
62. Which of the following cities is a major religious center along the Ganga that faces significant pollution challenges?
(A) Agra
(B) Varanasi
(C) Mumbai
(D) Delhi
63. Which of the following was a major factor that led to the creation of the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) The lack of tourism along the Ganga
(B) The increasing pollution levels and threats to the river’s health
(C) The success of other river cleaning campaigns globally
(D) A decline in religious activities along the Ganga
64. What role did the Ganga Bachao Movement play in raising environmental awareness?
(A) It led to the establishment of more factories along the Ganga
(B) It brought attention to the importance of river conservation and the adverse effects of pollution
(C) It decreased awareness about the Ganga’s ecological health
(D) It promoted industrialization as a solution for the Ganga’s problems
65. What is the main goal of the Ganga Rejuvenation Fund?
(A) To promote religious tourism along the river
(B) To fund projects aimed at cleaning, protecting, and rejuvenating the Ganga River
(C) To build new dams along the Ganga River
(D) To increase industrial development along the Ganga Basin
66. What is one of the key ecological issues highlighted by the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) Decreasing levels of water in the river
(B) The negative impact of pollution on aquatic life and biodiversity
(C) The river is drying up due to dam construction
(D) The spread of invasive species in the Ganga ecosystem
67. Which of the following measures has been part of the Namami Gange program to clean the Ganga?
(A) Construction of hydroelectric dams
(B) Implementation of sewage treatment and wastewater management systems
(C) Increase in tourism activities
(D) Expansion of industrial zones along the Ganga
68. Which of the following initiatives focuses on planting trees along the banks of the Ganga River to restore its ecological health?
(A) Green Ganga Initiative
(B) Namami Gange
(C) Ganga Action Plan
(D) Clean Ganga Movement
69. What is one of the impacts of the Ganga Bachao Movement on environmental policy in India?
(A) Decrease in environmental regulations along the Ganga
(B) Increased emphasis on river conservation in national policy
(C) Increased industrial development along the river
(D) A reduction in environmental education programs
70. What was the reaction of local communities to the Ganga Bachao Movement?
(A) The local communities were largely unaware of the movement
(B) Local communities actively participated in the protests and advocacy for the river's protection
(C) Local communities supported the construction of more dams on the Ganga
(D) Local communities were indifferent to the movement
71. What is one of the main criticisms of the Ganga Action Plan by environmental activists?
(A) It focused too much on tourism development
(B) It did not address the root causes of pollution, such as untreated sewage and industrial waste
(C) It promoted the construction of more dams along the Ganga
(D) It ignored the ecological importance of the Ganga
72. Which of the following pollutants is most harmful to the Ganga’s ecosystem?
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Plastic waste
(C) Sewage and untreated industrial effluents
(D) Pesticides from agriculture
73. What was one of the reasons the Ganga Bachao Movement opposed the construction of more dams on the river?
(A) Dams would increase water levels, improving irrigation
(B) Dams would displace communities and submerge agricultural land
(C) Dams would help to purify the river water
(D) Dams would reduce the pollution levels in the river
74. Which of the following is one of the goals of the Ganga Rejuvenation Fund?
(A) To support the construction of more hydropower plants
(B) To fund initiatives for cleaning the river, including sewage treatment and waste management
(C) To promote more industrial activities along the Ganga
(D) To develop the Ganga River into a major transport route
75. What is one of the key strategies of the Namami Gange program to clean the river?
(A) Increasing industrial activities along the riverbanks
(B) Rehabilitating displaced communities
(C) Constructing sewage treatment plants and improving wastewater management
(D) Promoting religious activities on the riverbanks
76. Which of the following cities has a significant religious and cultural importance but also faces major pollution issues along the Ganga?
(A) Agra
(B) Delhi
(C) Varanasi
(D) Allahabad
77. What is one of the strategies suggested by the Ganga Bachao Movement to address the issue of industrial pollution along the Ganga?
(A) To support the expansion of industrial zones along the river
(B) To impose stricter regulations on industrial effluents and wastewater discharge
(C) To promote riverfront development projects
(D) To increase religious events to promote river cleaning
78. How does the Ganga Bachao Movement view the relationship between industrial growth and river conservation?
(A) Industrial growth should be prioritized over river conservation
(B) Industrial growth should be balanced with environmental conservation to protect the river
(C) Industrial growth should be eliminated to conserve the river
(D) The movement does not focus on industrial growth
79. Which of the following is one of the ecological concerns related to the Ganga's pollution?
(A) Increased biodiversity in the river
(B) Loss of aquatic species and degradation of ecosystems
(C) Reduced agricultural output due to more fertile land
(D) The development of new marine species
80. Which of the following actions is a part of the Namami Gange program's riverfront development project?
(A) Construction of hydroelectric dams
(B) Beautification of riverfronts for tourism
(C) Construction of sewage treatment plants
(D) Relocation of local communities
81. The 2018 ecological flow (“e-flow”) norms for the Ganga primarily aim to ensure:
(A) Higher hydropower tariffs
(B) Boat navigation year-round
(C) More water diversion for canals
(D) A minimum, seasonally varying river flow to sustain ecosystems
82. Who chairs the National Ganga Council that guides river rejuvenation policy?
(A) The Prime Minister of India
(B) The Chief Justice of India
(C) The Finance Minister
(D) The Secretary, NMCG
83. India’s National Aquatic Animal—an icon for Ganga conservation—is the:
(A) Mugger crocodile
(B) Olive ridley turtle
(C) Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica)
(D) Golden mahseer
84. The ‘Arth Ganga’ approach linked to Namami Gange emphasizes:
(A) Exclusive focus on heavy industry
(B) River-centric livelihoods and circular economy (e.g., eco-tourism, organic farming)
(C) Only building large reservoirs
(D) Privatizing river stretches for navigation
85. Under Namami Gange, many sewage treatment plants (STPs) are developed via which financing model?
(A) Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM)
(B) Capex-only public works
(C) Crowd-funded PPP
(D) Export credit lines exclusively
86. Which indicator best reflects organic pollution levels in river water?
(A) TDS
(B) pH
(C) DO saturation alone
(D) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
87. The ‘Ganga Gram’ initiative primarily focuses on:
(A) Setting up river ports
(B) ODF sustainability, solid-liquid waste management, and village-level cleanliness along the Ganga
(C) Expanding mining leases
(D) Only planting ornamental trees on ghats
88. A major source of fecal coliforms entering the Ganga mainstream is:
(A) Windblown dust
(B) Thermal pollution
(C) Untreated municipal sewage
(D) Agricultural lime runoff
89. The Central Pollution Control Board’s core role for the Ganga includes:
(A) Setting/monitoring water quality standards and enforcing compliance
(B) Running river cruises
(C) Conducting only spiritual awareness drives
(D) Selling carbon credits from STPs
90. In Namami Gange parlance, “Aviral Dhara” most directly refers to:
(A) Zero industrialization
(B) Uninterrupted, ecologically appropriate river flow
(C) Odor control at ghats
(D) Only sediment management works
91. The Ganga’s main stem flows through which sequence of states (upstream to downstream)?
(A) Himachal – Punjab – Haryana – Delhi – UP
(B) Uttarakhand – Himachal – UP – Bihar – Assam
(C) UP – MP – Chhattisgarh – Odisha – WB
(D) Uttarakhand – Uttar Pradesh – Bihar – Jharkhand – West Bengal
92. ‘Ganga Praharis’ are:
(A) Private security units for ghats
(B) A fisheries cooperative
(C) Community biodiversity volunteers trained for river stewardship
(D) A network of boat operators’ guilds
93. A key implementation gap in early Ganga Action Plan phases was:
(A) Too many wetlands restored
(B) Over-estimation of fish diversity
(C) Excessively high DO in drains
(D) Limited sewer connectivity and weak O&M of STPs
94. Continuous Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Stations (CAWQMS) on the Ganga are used to:
(A) Measure road traffic near ghats
(B) Stream live, real-time water quality data
(C) Count pilgrims during festivals
(D) Map groundwater aquifers only
95. Upgraded ghats and crematoria under Namami Gange primarily help by:
(A) Boosting river salinity
(B) Diverting agricultural runoff into the river
(C) Reducing direct discharge of untreated waste/ash and improving sanitation
(D) Encouraging sand mining near banks
96. A common compliance tool to track industrial effluents into the Ganga is:
(A) Only manual grab sampling once a year
(B) Cloud seeding reports
(C) Nighttime drone photography
(D) Online Continuous Effluent Monitoring Systems (OCEMS)
97. ‘Ganga Quest’ is best described as:
(A) A dolphin tagging program
(B) An annual national online quiz to build river awareness
(C) A sediment mining license exam
(D) A navigation safety drill for barges
98. River surface cleaning under Namami Gange commonly uses:
(A) Ocean trawlers
(B) High-altitude balloons
(C) Floating booms and trash skimmer boats
(D) Only manual raking on beaches
99. Coordination with Swachh Bharat Mission along the Ganga primarily targets:
(A) More riverbed mining leases
(B) Cruise terminal construction
(C) Household toilets (IHHL), ODF status, and fecal sludge management
(D) Only decorative lighting of ghats
100. Which option best reflects the ethos of the Ganga Bachao/Save Ganga efforts?
(A) Engineering fixes alone will solve all problems
(B) Conservation must wait until full industrialization
(C) Riverfront beautification is sufficient for revival
(D) Science-based pollution control plus community stewardship and livelihoods
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