Narmada Bachao Movement

Semester – I Interdisciplinary SC 101-ID: Environment and Society

1. Who was a prominent leader of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Baba Amte

(B) Arundhati Roy

(D) Sunderlal Bahuguna

Explanation: Medha Patkar was one of the key leaders and the driving force behind the Narmada Bachao Andolan, which aimed to protect the Narmada River and its surrounding communities.

2. In which year did the Narmada Bachao Andolan begin?

(A) 1985

(B) 1990

(D) 1995

(A) 1985

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan was launched in 1985 to protest against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River, which threatened to displace thousands of people.

3. What was the primary objective of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) To promote tourism in the Narmada Valley

(B) To oppose the construction of large dams on the Narmada River

(D) To encourage urbanization along the riverbanks

(B) To oppose the construction of large dams on the Narmada River

Explanation: The primary goal of the Narmada Bachao Andolan was to prevent the construction of dams, particularly the Sardar Sarovar Dam, which would displace thousands of people.

4. Which dam project was the focal point of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Tehri Dam

(B) Sardar Sarovar Dam

(D) Hirakud Dam

(B) Sardar Sarovar Dam

Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River was the focal point of the Narmada Bachao Andolan, which opposed its construction due to the displacement of people and environmental impacts.

5. The Narmada Bachao Andolan primarily aimed to protect which group of people?

(A) Urban developers

(B) Displaced tribal and rural communities

(D) Tourists

(B) Displaced tribal and rural communities

Explanation: The movement aimed to protect the tribal and rural communities who were to be displaced due to the construction of the dam and the creation of the reservoir.

6. Which river is associated with the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Ganga

(B) Yamuna

(D) Godavari

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan focuses on the Narmada River, which is located in central India and is one of the major rivers of the country.

7. What was a major environmental concern raised by the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Air pollution

(B) Deforestation

(D) Industrial waste

Explanation: A significant concern was the flooding of large areas of fertile land, forests, and tribal habitats due to the creation of the dam’s reservoir.

8. Which international institution was criticized for funding the Sardar Sarovar Dam project?

(A) United Nations

(B) World Bank

(D) Asian Development Bank

(B) World Bank

Explanation: The World Bank was criticized for its financial backing of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, which led to displacement and environmental degradation.

9. What method did Medha Patkar use to protest against the dam construction?

(A) Hunger strikes

(B) Legal petitions

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Medha Patkar used various methods such as hunger strikes, public speeches, and legal actions to protest against the construction of the dam and its impacts.

10. Which award did the Narmada Bachao Andolan receive in 1991?

(A) Nobel Peace Prize

(B) Right Livelihood Award

(D) Jnanpith Award

(B) Right Livelihood Award

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan received the Right Livelihood Award, often referred to as the "alternative Nobel," for its efforts in advocating for the rights of the displaced and environmental protection.

11. What was the primary environmental impact of the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

(A) Increased biodiversity

(B) Submergence of large areas of land

(D) Enhanced fish populations

(B) Submergence of large areas of land

Explanation: The construction of the dam led to the submergence of vast areas of land, including forests, agricultural fields, and habitats of tribal communities.

12. Which of the following was a key demand of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Immediate construction of the dam

(B) Fair rehabilitation and compensation for displaced communities

(D) Privatization of water resources

(B) Fair rehabilitation and compensation for displaced communities

Explanation: One of the major demands of the movement was ensuring fair rehabilitation and compensation for the families who were displaced by the dam project.

13. Which documentary filmmaker produced 'A Narmada Diary' highlighting the movement?

(A) Anand Patwardhan

(B) Satyajit Ray

(D) Karan Johar

(A) Anand Patwardhan

Explanation: Anand Patwardhan, a well-known filmmaker, produced 'A Narmada Diary,' which documented the struggles of the movement and the impact of the dam.

14. Which state is NOT part of the Narmada River basin?

(A) Gujarat

(B) Madhya Pradesh

(D) Rajasthan

Explanation: The Narmada River flows through Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, but not Rajasthan.

15. What was the primary environmental concern regarding the dam's construction?

(A) Soil erosion

(B) Water scarcity

(D) Air pollution

Explanation: The primary concern was the loss of biodiversity due to the submergence of forests and habitats that would be caused by the dam's reservoir.

16. Which of the following was a slogan associated with the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) 'Save the Trees'

(B) 'Save the Narmada'

(D) 'Save the Earth'

(B) 'Save the Narmada'

Explanation: 'Save the Narmada' became a rallying cry for the Narmada Bachao Andolan, emphasizing the protection of the Narmada River and the rights of affected communities.

17. Which of the following groups supported the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Environmentalists

(B) Human rights activists

(D) All of the above

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan received widespread support from environmentalists, human rights activists, and tribal communities who were directly impacted by the project.

18. What was the primary environmental concern regarding the dam's construction?

(A) Increased biodiversity

(B) Increased water availability

(D) Water pollution

Explanation: The primary environmental concern was the destruction of ecosystems, including the submergence of forests, wildlife habitats, and agricultural land.

19. Which international body conducted an independent review of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project?

(A) United Nations

(B) World Bank

(D) Greenpeace

(B) World Bank

Explanation: The World Bank, which initially funded the Sardar Sarovar Dam project, conducted an independent review, after which it withdrew its financial support due to environmental concerns and public protests.

20. What was the demand of the Narmada Bachao Andolan in terms of rehabilitation of displaced people?

(A) Immediate relocation to urban areas

(B) Adequate compensation and rehabilitation in their original communities

(D) Forced migration to other states

(B) Adequate compensation and rehabilitation in their original communities

Explanation: The movement demanded fair and just rehabilitation for the displaced people, including adequate compensation, land, and the right to remain close to their original communities.

21. Which of the following leaders played a key role in the Narmada Bachao Andolan alongside Medha Patkar?

(A) Baba Amte

(B) Arundhati Roy

(D) Rahul Gandhi

(A) Baba Amte

Explanation: Baba Amte, a renowned social activist, supported the Narmada Bachao Andolan, particularly in its advocacy for the rights of displaced communities.

22. What was the impact of the Narmada Bachao Andolan on the Indian judiciary?

(A) It had no impact on judicial decisions

(B) It led to several judicial reviews and landmark judgments on environmental protection and rehabilitation

(D) It resulted in the complete shutdown of the project

(B) It led to several judicial reviews and landmark judgments on environmental protection and rehabilitation

Explanation: The movement led to several judicial reviews, and the Indian judiciary issued landmark rulings related to the rights of displaced persons and environmental protection in the context of large infrastructure projects.

23. Which documentary film highlighted the struggles of the Narmada Bachao Andolan and its impact on displaced communities?

(A) 'Earth' by T.C. Berman

(B) 'A Narmada Diary' by Anand Patwardhan

(D) 'The River of Life' by J. Green

(B) 'A Narmada Diary' by Anand Patwardhan

Explanation: Anand Patwardhan’s documentary 'A Narmada Diary' captured the lives of people affected by the Narmada Dam and the fight led by the Narmada Bachao Andolan.

24. What was the key environmental issue associated with the Sardar Sarovar Dam construction?

(A) Creation of a large reservoir that submerged forests and agricultural land

(B) Lack of electricity generation potential

(D) Pollution from construction materials

(A) Creation of a large reservoir that submerged forests and agricultural land

Explanation: The primary environmental issue was the creation of a large reservoir, which flooded vast areas of fertile land, forests, and tribal communities’ homes.

25. How did the Narmada Bachao Andolan influence India's environmental policy?

(A) It led to the complete abandonment of dam projects

(B) It raised awareness about the negative impacts of large dams on communities and ecosystems, influencing future environmental policies

(D) It resulted in a shift to coal-based power generation

(B) It raised awareness about the negative impacts of large dams on communities and ecosystems, influencing future environmental policies

Explanation: The movement highlighted the environmental and social costs of large dams, which influenced Indian environmental policies, especially regarding displacement and ecological concerns.

26. Which of the following was NOT a criticism faced by the Sardar Sarovar Dam project according to the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Displacement of thousands of families without adequate compensation

(B) Submergence of large tracts of agricultural and forest land

(D) Environmental damage to biodiversity

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan criticized the project for the lack of adequate compensation, environmental damage, and displacement but did not cite job opportunities as a benefit.

27. Which of the following was a major legal challenge raised by the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) The violation of human rights through displacement without rehabilitation

(B) The building of unauthorized roads in the Narmada region

(D) The promotion of industrial activities in protected areas

(A) The violation of human rights through displacement without rehabilitation

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan filed several legal petitions concerning the violation of human rights, especially regarding the lack of rehabilitation for displaced communities.

28. What was the main goal of the Narmada Bachao Andolan in relation to the dam's construction?

(A) To halt the construction of the dam completely

(B) To ensure fair compensation and rehabilitation for displaced communities

(D) To promote the use of the river for industrial purposes

(B) To ensure fair compensation and rehabilitation for displaced communities

Explanation: The movement sought fair rehabilitation and compensation for the people displaced by the dam, as well as adequate environmental protection measures.

29. What did the Narmada Bachao Andolan argue regarding the environmental impacts of the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

(A) It would enhance biodiversity and the environment

(B) It would lead to the destruction of forests, wildlife, and agricultural land

(D) It would improve soil fertility in the region

(B) It would lead to the destruction of forests, wildlife, and agricultural land

Explanation: The movement highlighted the environmental consequences of the dam, such as loss of biodiversity and destruction of land used for agriculture.

30. The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a part of which larger movement in India?

(A) Chipko Movement

(B) Swadeshi Movement

(D) Silent Valley Movement

(A) Chipko Movement

Explanation: Both the Narmada Bachao Andolan and the Chipko Movement are environmental movements that focus on protecting natural resources and preventing environmental degradation.

31. Which of the following international organizations took an interest in the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) World Bank

(B) United Nations Development Programme

(D) All of the above

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan attracted international attention from organizations like the World Bank, UNDP, and Greenpeace due to its focus on human rights and environmental issues.

32. Which of the following was one of the environmental impacts highlighted by the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the dam construction?

(A) It would help in the conservation of the Narmada River

(B) It would lead to the submergence of valuable forest land

(D) It would restore endangered species

(B) It would lead to the submergence of valuable forest land

Explanation: The construction of the dam would flood large tracts of forested land, which would negatively impact biodiversity and the livelihoods of people dependent on these lands.

33. Who was responsible for organizing the first major public protests against the Narmada Dam in 1985?

(A) Sunderlal Bahuguna

(B) Medha Patkar

(D) Arundhati Roy

(B) Medha Patkar

Explanation: Medha Patkar led the first major public protests in 1985, which marked the beginning of the Narmada Bachao Andolan.

34. Which Indian state has the highest number of people affected by the Narmada Dam project?

(A) Maharashtra

(B) Gujarat

(D) Rajasthan

Explanation: Madhya Pradesh is the state with the largest number of displaced people due to the construction of the Narmada Dam, particularly in tribal areas.

35. Which group of people was most affected by the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

(A) Urban farmers

(B) Tribal communities and rural farmers

(D) Government employees

(B) Tribal communities and rural farmers

Explanation: The primary victims of the dam construction were the tribal communities and rural farmers who lived along the Narmada River and depended on the land for their livelihoods.

36. What did Medha Patkar and the Narmada Bachao Andolan demand in terms of the dam's construction?

(A) Expansion of the dam

(B) Immediate construction without further delays

(D) A different location for the dam

Explanation: The movement demanded that the construction be suspended until the issues of fair rehabilitation for displaced communities and the environmental impact were adequately addressed.

37. What was the international response to the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Widespread support for dam construction

(B) International condemnation of the project

(D) Full financial support for the dam

(B) International condemnation of the project

Explanation: The international community, including environmental organizations and human rights groups, condemned the construction of the dam due to its environmental and social impacts.

38. What form of protest did Medha Patkar undertake in response to the government’s refusal to halt the dam project?

(A) Hunger strike

(B) Public speeches

(D) Writing petitions

(A) Hunger strike

Explanation: Medha Patkar went on a hunger strike to protest against the government's refusal to halt the Sardar Sarovar Dam project and to draw attention to the plight of displaced communities.

39. Which of the following environmental issues was a key focus of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Air pollution

(B) Water pollution

(D) Industrial waste management

Explanation: The environmental concerns raised by the movement included the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity, particularly the submergence of forests, agricultural land, and wildlife habitats due to the dam's construction.

40. Which of the following was an important legal outcome from the Narmada Bachao Andolan’s protests?

(A) Complete cancellation of the dam project

(B) Legal recognition of displaced peoples' rights to rehabilitation

(D) Legal authority granted to build more dams on the Narmada River

(B) Legal recognition of displaced peoples' rights to rehabilitation

Explanation: One of the legal outcomes of the protests was that the displaced peoples' right to rehabilitation was recognized, although the issue remained contentious for years.

41. The Narmada Bachao Andolan primarily opposed the construction of which type of infrastructure project?

(A) Hydroelectric dams

(B) Solar power plants

(D) Nuclear power stations

(A) Hydroelectric dams

Explanation: The movement opposed the construction of large hydroelectric dams on the Narmada River, particularly the Sardar Sarovar Dam, due to their environmental and social impacts.

42. How did the Narmada Bachao Andolan raise awareness about the plight of displaced communities?

(A) Through social media campaigns

(B) Through legal petitions and public protests

(D) By engaging in political lobbying

(B) Through legal petitions and public protests

Explanation: The movement raised awareness by filing legal petitions and organizing protests, including hunger strikes and rallies, to highlight the plight of displaced people.

43. What was the primary argument of the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the Sardar Sarovar Dam’s environmental impact?

(A) It would provide ample irrigation benefits

(B) It would cause significant ecological damage by submerging forests and agricultural land

(D) It would help in flood control

(B) It would cause significant ecological damage by submerging forests and agricultural land

Explanation: The movement argued that the dam would cause irreversible ecological damage by submerging forests, agricultural land, and wildlife habitats, thus affecting biodiversity.

44. What role did the Narmada Bachao Andolan play in influencing international financial institutions?

(A) It encouraged the World Bank to increase funding for the project

(B) It forced the World Bank to withdraw its funding for the dam project

(D) It helped secure funding for other infrastructure projects

(B) It forced the World Bank to withdraw its funding for the dam project

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan raised international awareness about the project’s impact, which led to the World Bank withdrawing its funding in 1993.

45. What was a major challenge faced by the Narmada Bachao Andolan in its legal battles?

(A) Lack of legal documentation

(B) Opposition from powerful political and industrial forces

(D) The movement's inability to form alliances with other social movements

(B) Opposition from powerful political and industrial forces

Explanation: The movement faced strong opposition from political leaders and industrialists who supported the dam project, making it difficult to win legal and political support.

46. What was the impact of the Narmada Bachao Andolan on the Indian government’s approach to large-scale infrastructure projects?

(A) It led to the complete abandonment of large dam projects

(B) It prompted the Indian government to adopt more inclusive and transparent environmental policies

(D) It made the government more supportive of privatized dam projects

(B) It prompted the Indian government to adopt more inclusive and transparent environmental policies

Explanation: The movement forced the Indian government to reconsider its policies on dam construction and environmental protection, leading to more transparency and community involvement in decision-making.

47. Which of the following was a significant environmental concern highlighted by the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the dam’s construction?

(A) Reduction in water pollution

(B) The submergence of large areas of valuable land and forests

(D) The improvement of water quality in the river

(B) The submergence of large areas of valuable land and forests

Explanation: One of the major environmental concerns was the submergence of large areas of fertile agricultural land and forests, leading to the loss of biodiversity.

48. How did the Narmada Bachao Andolan affect the global perception of large dams?

(A) It helped to increase global support for dam construction

(B) It raised awareness about the negative social and environmental impacts of large dams

(D) It promoted the idea of building dams in sensitive ecological zones

(B) It raised awareness about the negative social and environmental impacts of large dams

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan contributed to a global awareness of the adverse social and environmental impacts of large dams, influencing debates on sustainable development.

49. Which of the following international organizations supported the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

(B) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

(D) All of the above

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan received support from international organizations like UNEP, IUCN, and Amnesty International due to its human rights and environmental concerns.

50. What was one of the key tactics used by the Narmada Bachao Andolan to mobilize support?

(A) Organizing large-scale industrial projects

(B) Conducting hunger strikes and protests

(D) Expanding the use of fossil fuels for energy generation

(B) Conducting hunger strikes and protests

Explanation: The movement organized hunger strikes and protests to raise awareness and apply pressure on the government to halt the dam's construction.

51. What was the major argument presented by the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the displacement of tribal communities?

(A) They should be moved to urban areas for better opportunities

(B) They should be compensated monetarily but not relocated

(D) They should be relocated to distant places

Explanation: The movement advocated for the rehabilitation of displaced tribal communities in their original habitats, ensuring they received adequate compensation, land, and resources to rebuild their lives.

52. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Narmada Bachao Andolan’s protests?

(A) Worldwide awareness of the environmental and social impacts of the dam

(B) Increased political and legal action to address displacement and rehabilitation

(D) International scrutiny of large infrastructure projects

Explanation: While the protests brought significant attention to the issue, the Sardar Sarovar Dam project was not completely stopped; instead, reforms were made regarding displacement and rehabilitation.

53. Which of the following environmental movements shared similarities with the Narmada Bachao Andolan in terms of advocating for the protection of natural resources?

(A) The Chipko Movement

(B) The Silent Valley Movement

(D) Both A and B

Explanation: Both the Chipko and Silent Valley Movements also focused on protecting natural resources and opposing environmental degradation, similar to the Narmada Bachao Andolan.

54. What was a significant reason for the Narmada Bachao Andolan to focus on environmental and human rights issues simultaneously?

(A) The movement had no focus on environmental issues

(B) The project’s negative impact on the local population and ecosystems

(D) It aimed to increase urbanization in the region

(B) The project’s negative impact on the local population and ecosystems

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan sought to address both human rights violations and the environmental degradation caused by the dam, such as loss of biodiversity and destruction of habitats.

55. The Narmada Bachao Andolan was particularly concerned about the social impacts of the dam on which group of people?

(A) Industrialists

(B) Tribal communities and rural farmers

(D) Government workers

(B) Tribal communities and rural farmers

Explanation: The Andolan primarily focused on the impact of the dam on the tribal communities and rural farmers who were to be displaced without proper rehabilitation.

56. Which of the following was one of the tactics used by Medha Patkar during the Narmada Bachao Andolan to bring attention to the movement?

(A) Addressing the United Nations

(B) Organizing public speeches and hunger strikes

(D) Offering monetary compensation to the displaced

(B) Organizing public speeches and hunger strikes

Explanation: Medha Patkar organized hunger strikes and public speeches to draw attention to the issue of displacement and to protest against the construction of the dam.

57. How did the Sardar Sarovar Dam project affect the local biodiversity?

(A) It promoted the growth of new species

(B) It resulted in a decrease in biodiversity due to the submergence of forests and agricultural land

(D) It led to the creation of new wildlife sanctuaries

(B) It resulted in a decrease in biodiversity due to the submergence of forests and agricultural land

Explanation: The submergence of large areas of forests and agricultural land due to the dam project led to a significant loss of biodiversity in the region.

58. What was the primary focus of the Narmada Bachao Andolan’s legal challenges?

(A) To halt the dam construction entirely

(B) To ensure proper rehabilitation and compensation for displaced individuals

(D) To privatize the water resources

(B) To ensure proper rehabilitation and compensation for displaced individuals

Explanation: The movement’s legal challenges mainly focused on the right to fair rehabilitation and compensation for those displaced by the construction of the dam.

59. Which of the following was one of the criticisms made by the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the dam’s rehabilitation plan?

(A) The plan was too generous and unfair to the government

(B) It failed to properly address the needs of affected tribal communities

(D) It was not comprehensive enough to address environmental concerns

(B) It failed to properly address the needs of affected tribal communities

Explanation: The rehabilitation plan was criticized for being insufficient and not adequately addressing the specific needs of tribal communities, who faced significant losses due to the dam.

60. What role did public opinion play in the success of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Public opinion had no impact on the movement’s success

(B) Public support for the movement forced the government to take action on rehabilitation

(D) Public opinion was divided with little effect on the outcome

(B) Public support for the movement forced the government to take action on rehabilitation

Explanation: Public opinion, especially from environmentalists, human rights groups, and displaced communities, helped to exert pressure on the government to address rehabilitation and environmental concerns.

61. Which of the following was a significant environmental concern raised by the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

(A) It would lead to increased biodiversity

(B) It would flood vast areas of agricultural and forest land

(D) It would enhance soil fertility in the region

(B) It would flood vast areas of agricultural and forest land

Explanation: The dam would submerge large areas of fertile agricultural land and forest, leading to loss of biodiversity and livelihood for affected communities.

62. What was one of the main strategies used by the Narmada Bachao Andolan to raise awareness about the dam's negative impacts?

(A) Conducting agricultural surveys

(B) Organizing hunger strikes and public demonstrations

(D) Promoting industrial growth

(B) Organizing hunger strikes and public demonstrations

Explanation: The movement used hunger strikes and public demonstrations to draw attention to the negative impacts of the dam and the plight of displaced communities.

63. Who was the leading figure in the Narmada Bachao Andolan, known for their vocal opposition to the dam?

(A) Arundhati Roy

(B) Medha Patkar

(D) Sunderlal Bahuguna

(B) Medha Patkar

Explanation: Medha Patkar was the prominent leader of the Narmada Bachao Andolan, leading the protests and advocating for the rights of displaced people and environmental protection.

64. Which of the following was one of the key demands of the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the displaced communities?

(A) The right to compensation but no rehabilitation

(B) Adequate compensation and fair rehabilitation, including land and resources

(D) To not provide compensation for displaced people

(B) Adequate compensation and fair rehabilitation, including land and resources

Explanation: The movement demanded that displaced communities receive fair rehabilitation, including compensation and land in their original habitats.

65. The Narmada Bachao Andolan was concerned with protecting which of the following?

(A) Human rights of displaced individuals and environmental protection

(B) Economic growth and development in the region

(D) Industrial development along the Narmada River

(A) Human rights of displaced individuals and environmental protection

Explanation: The Andolan focused on both the human rights of the displaced people and the environmental protection of the Narmada Valley.

66. Which of the following was one of the main criticisms of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project according to the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) It would improve water distribution across India

(B) It would provide electricity to the region

(D) It would generate large-scale employment in the Narmada Valley

Explanation: The movement criticized the dam for causing the destruction of forests and forcing people to relocate without adequate rehabilitation or compensation.

67. What role did international organizations play in the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) They provided financial support for the dam

(B) They conducted independent reviews and criticized the project

(D) They facilitated the resettlement of displaced people

(B) They conducted independent reviews and criticized the project

Explanation: International organizations, including the World Bank, conducted independent reviews and criticized the project due to its social and environmental impacts.

68. What was the main issue raised by the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the rehabilitation of displaced people?

(A) The government had already completed rehabilitation

(B) The rehabilitation process was inadequate and unfair

(D) The government offered permanent jobs to all displaced individuals

(B) The rehabilitation process was inadequate and unfair

Explanation: The Andolan argued that the government’s rehabilitation process was insufficient, leaving displaced people without adequate resources and support.

69. Which international award did the Narmada Bachao Andolan receive in recognition of its efforts?

(A) Nobel Peace Prize

(B) Right Livelihood Award

(D) Padma Bhushan

(B) Right Livelihood Award

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan received the Right Livelihood Award in recognition of its advocacy for human rights and environmental protection.

70. What was one of the consequences of the Narmada Bachao Andolan's protests in terms of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project?

(A) The dam project was completely canceled

(B) International funding for the dam was withdrawn

(D) The project became a model for future dam projects

(B) International funding for the dam was withdrawn

Explanation: The protests led to the withdrawal of international funding, particularly from the World Bank, which had previously supported the project.

71. What was the impact of the Narmada Bachao Andolan on India's dam-building policies?

(A) It led to the immediate shutdown of all dam projects in India

(B) It influenced the government to adopt more rigorous environmental impact assessments

(D) It led to an increase in the privatization of water resources

(B) It influenced the government to adopt more rigorous environmental impact assessments

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan played a significant role in pushing the government to consider the environmental and social costs of dam projects through improved impact assessments and public consultations.

72. The Narmada Bachao Andolan led to the strengthening of which aspect of Indian law?

(A) Industrial regulations

(B) Human rights and environmental laws

(D) Financial transparency laws

(B) Human rights and environmental laws

Explanation: The movement helped strengthen human rights and environmental protection laws, with a focus on the rights of displaced communities and ecological preservation.

73. Which of the following best describes the opposition of the Narmada Bachao Andolan to the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

(A) Opposing it on the grounds of cultural heritage preservation

(B) Opposing it due to environmental destruction and displacement of local communities

(D) Supporting it for national development purposes

(B) Opposing it due to environmental destruction and displacement of local communities

Explanation: The movement opposed the dam primarily for environmental reasons, including its potential to displace thousands of people and its negative impact on local ecosystems.

74. Which of the following was a major outcome of the Narmada Bachao Andolan's long-term activism?

(A) The Sardar Sarovar Dam was completely abandoned

(B) The government implemented more comprehensive rehabilitation policies for displaced communities

(D) It resulted in a ban on all new dam projects in India

(B) The government implemented more comprehensive rehabilitation policies for displaced communities

Explanation: As a result of the movement, the Indian government was pressured to adopt more thorough rehabilitation policies for the communities displaced by the Sardar Sarovar Dam project.

75. Which of the following is an example of the Narmada Bachao Andolan's international impact?

(A) The dam was funded by multiple international organizations

(B) International organizations withdrew support for the dam due to environmental concerns

(D) The movement caused global tourism to increase around the dam site

(B) International organizations withdrew support for the dam due to environmental concerns

Explanation: The movement led to significant international attention, prompting institutions like the World Bank to withdraw support due to the environmental and human rights issues associated with the dam.

76. What was one of the main environmental concerns related to the Sardar Sarovar Dam, raised by the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Increased biodiversity in the surrounding areas

(B) Creation of a vast reservoir leading to the loss of wildlife habitats

(D) Promotion of sustainable development in the region

(B) Creation of a vast reservoir leading to the loss of wildlife habitats

Explanation: One of the key environmental concerns was the creation of a vast reservoir, which would submerge forested areas, agricultural lands, and wildlife habitats.

77. Who was a prominent environmentalist associated with the Narmada Bachao Andolan that also led the Chipko Movement?

(A) Arundhati Roy

(B) Baba Amte

(D) Vandana Shiva

Explanation: Sunderlal Bahuguna, a well-known environmentalist and activist, supported the Narmada Bachao Andolan and had previously led the Chipko Movement.

78. How did the Narmada Bachao Andolan impact the government’s approach to water resource management?

(A) It led to a complete abandonment of dam projects

(B) It influenced the government to consider the social and environmental impacts of water projects

(D) It caused an increase in the construction of large-scale irrigation projects

(B) It influenced the government to consider the social and environmental impacts of water projects

Explanation: The movement raised awareness about the negative social and environmental impacts of large water projects, prompting the government to reconsider its approach to water resource management.

79. Which of the following groups was most actively involved in the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Corporate leaders

(B) Tribal and rural communities

(D) Political party representatives

(B) Tribal and rural communities

Explanation: The movement was primarily supported by tribal and rural communities who were directly affected by the dam project and its associated displacement.

80. Which form of protest was famously used by Medha Patkar during the Narmada Bachao Andolan to draw attention to the issues of displacement and environmental damage?

(A) Public speeches

(B) Hunger strike

(D) Political lobbying

(B) Hunger strike

Explanation: Medha Patkar went on a hunger strike to protest the government’s handling of the dam’s impact on displaced people and the environment.

81. Which of the following was a key demand of the Narmada Bachao Andolan in terms of rehabilitation for displaced communities?

(A) Rehabilitation in urban centers with modern facilities

(B) Compensation in the form of cash payments only

(D) Complete relocation to foreign countries

Explanation: The movement demanded that displaced communities be rehabilitated in their ancestral homes with land, resources, and appropriate facilities to sustain their livelihoods.

82. How did the Indian government respond to the Narmada Bachao Andolan's protests?

(A) The government immediately halted the construction of the dam

(B) The government began construction of additional dams on the Narmada River

(D) The government cancelled the entire project

Explanation: While the government promised improvements in rehabilitation, it continued with the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, despite the protests.

83. What type of project was the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

(A) A nuclear power plant

(B) A hydroelectric dam

(D) A wind energy farm

(B) A hydroelectric dam

Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a hydroelectric project on the Narmada River that was intended to provide water and power to the region.

84. Which of the following is one of the long-term effects of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) The project was completely scrapped

(B) Environmental and social justice issues related to large dams became more prominent in India

(D) India shifted entirely to renewable energy projects

(B) Environmental and social justice issues related to large dams became more prominent in India

Explanation: The movement brought significant attention to environmental and social justice issues, leading to increased scrutiny of large dam projects in India.

85. Which of the following strategies did the Narmada Bachao Andolan NOT employ during its protests?

(A) Hunger strikes

(B) Peaceful marches

(D) Legal challenges

Explanation: The movement primarily used peaceful strategies, such as hunger strikes, marches, and legal challenges, and avoided violent demonstrations.

86. The Narmada Bachao Andolan is an example of which type of social movement?

(A) Religious movement

(B) Political movement

(D) Labor movement

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan is an environmental and human rights movement that focuses on protecting the river and its people from the negative impacts of large infrastructure projects.

87. What did the Narmada Bachao Andolan argue about the social impact of the dam on the tribal communities?

(A) The dam would provide better living conditions for the tribals

(B) The dam would lead to the displacement of thousands of tribal families without proper rehabilitation

(D) The tribal communities were in favor of the dam construction

(B) The dam would lead to the displacement of thousands of tribal families without proper rehabilitation

Explanation: The movement highlighted the forced displacement of tribal communities without adequate rehabilitation, causing severe disruption to their way of life.

88. Which of the following environmental issues was central to the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Pollution of rivers

(B) Loss of forests and wildlife habitats

(D) Coastal erosion

(B) Loss of forests and wildlife habitats

Explanation: One of the central issues was the environmental destruction caused by the flooding of forests and wildlife habitats due to the creation of the dam's reservoir.

89. Which of the following documentaries covered the Narmada Bachao Andolan and its effects?

(A) 'A Narmada Diary' by Anand Patwardhan

(B) 'Earth' by T.C. Berman

(D) 'The River of Life' by J. Green

(A) 'A Narmada Diary' by Anand Patwardhan

Explanation: Anand Patwardhan's documentary 'A Narmada Diary' brought international attention to the struggles of the people affected by the dam and the efforts of the Narmada Bachao Andolan.

90. What was the main economic argument in favor of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project?

(A) The dam would boost local agricultural production

(B) The dam would provide hydroelectric power and irrigation

(D) The dam would reduce pollution in the river

(B) The dam would provide hydroelectric power and irrigation

Explanation: Proponents of the dam argued that it would provide crucial irrigation and hydroelectric power to the region, aiding in agriculture and energy production.

91. Which of the following was a key principle of the Narmada Bachao Andolan regarding the dam's construction?

(A) Full support for the dam if it included green technology

(B) The dam should be constructed with minimal social and environmental impact

(D) The project should be funded entirely by international organizations

(B) The dam should be constructed with minimal social and environmental impact

Explanation: The movement advocated for a balance between development and environmental preservation, demanding that the dam project minimize social and environmental harm.

92. Which international body intervened to evaluate the environmental and social impacts of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project?

(A) World Health Organization

(B) United Nations Development Programme

(D) International Labour Organization

Explanation: The World Bank was involved in funding the project and later conducted an independent review that raised concerns about the environmental and social impacts of the dam.

93. Which of the following best describes Medha Patkar's role in the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) She was a prominent political leader

(B) She was a lawyer representing the government

(D) She was a supporter of the dam’s construction

Explanation: Medha Patkar played a pivotal role in leading the Narmada Bachao Andolan, organizing protests, legal challenges, and raising awareness about the negative impacts of the dam.

94. Which international action was prompted by the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) The project was funded by additional international organizations

(B) Several international organizations withdrew their financial support

(D) The World Bank issued an endorsement for the dam’s construction

(B) Several international organizations withdrew their financial support

Explanation: Due to the protests and environmental concerns raised by the movement, international organizations, including the World Bank, withdrew their support for the dam.

95. What was the primary concern about the rehabilitation plan for displaced people highlighted by the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) The plan was fully implemented

(B) The rehabilitation efforts were slow and inadequate

(D) The rehabilitation plan focused on urban relocation

(B) The rehabilitation efforts were slow and inadequate

Explanation: The Andolan criticized the government’s rehabilitation plan, arguing that it was slow, incomplete, and did not adequately address the needs of the displaced communities.

96. Which form of media played an important role in spreading the message of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Television documentaries

(B) Social media campaigns

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Various forms of media, including television documentaries, newspapers, and radio broadcasts, played a crucial role in spreading awareness about the movement.

97. What was one of the social implications of the Narmada Bachao Andolan's success?

(A) It led to the expansion of the dam project

(B) It raised awareness about the rights of displaced people in infrastructure projects

(D) It resulted in the cancellation of all large-scale projects in India

(B) It raised awareness about the rights of displaced people in infrastructure projects

Explanation: The movement helped to raise awareness about the rights of displaced communities and the importance of proper rehabilitation in large infrastructure projects.

98. How did the Narmada Bachao Andolan influence India's future water resource projects?

(A) It led to the abandonment of all future dam projects

(B) It resulted in more inclusive and transparent decision-making processes

(D) It shifted India’s focus away from water resource management

(B) It resulted in more inclusive and transparent decision-making processes

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan led to the adoption of more transparent and inclusive decision-making processes for future water resource management projects in India.

99. Which of the following is a major criticism of large dam projects like the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

(A) They promote economic equality

(B) They have little impact on the environment

(D) They improve biodiversity and ecosystem services

Explanation: A major criticism of large dam projects is that they often displace large populations, particularly indigenous and rural communities, without providing adequate compensation or rehabilitation.

100. Which of the following describes the main achievement of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

(A) Complete cessation of the dam construction

(B) The movement led to increased job creation in the Narmada region

(D) The dam project was scaled up to generate more power

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan's greatest achievement was raising global awareness about the displacement of communities, environmental justice, and the need for sustainable infrastructure projects.

Narmada Bachao Movement

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