Women Empowerment-Meaning and Dimensions

Semester – I Interdisciplinary SC 101-ID: Environment and Society

1. What is the primary goal of women’s empowerment?

(A) To restrict women’s participation in society

(B) To enhance women's agency and control over their lives

(D) To limit women's access to education

(B) To enhance women's agency and control over their lives

Explanation: Women’s empowerment aims to expand women’s control over their lives, enabling them to make choices and decisions in various spheres of life, including family, community, and work.

2. Which of the following dimensions of empowerment is most associated with the ability to make decisions about one's life?

(A) Economic empowerment

(B) Social empowerment

(D) Agency

Explanation: Agency refers to an individual’s capacity to make decisions, negotiate, and act according to their goals and desires, which is a core component of women’s empowerment.

3. Which indicator is NOT commonly used to measure women's empowerment?

(A) Control over household income

(B) Participation in decision-making

(D) Women's ability to influence political policies

Explanation: While women’s participation in decision-making at various levels is a key dimension, directly measuring their ability to influence political policies is typically not a standard indicator of empowerment.

4. What role does access to education play in women’s empowerment?

(A) It provides women with skills to participate in economic and social activities

(B) It limits women’s choices and opportunities

(D) It only improves literacy rates

(A) It provides women with skills to participate in economic and social activities

Explanation: Access to education provides women with skills, knowledge, and confidence to engage in economic, political, and social activities, which is crucial for their empowerment.

5. Which of the following is a key dimension of women’s empowerment as identified by the UN?

(A) Attitude towards violence

(B) Women’s economic participation

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Women’s empowerment includes multiple dimensions, such as economic participation, political engagement, and attitudes towards gender-based violence, all contributing to a woman’s overall empowerment.

6. According to Kabeer (1999), what are the three dimensions that define women's empowerment?

(A) Agency, resources, and achievements

(B) Wealth, education, and mobility

(D) Financial independence, mobility, and education

(A) Agency, resources, and achievements

Explanation: Kabeer’s framework of empowerment includes agency (the ability to make decisions), resources (material, human, and social resources), and achievements (the outcomes from using agency and resources).

7. Which of the following best describes the "attitude to violence" domain in measuring women’s empowerment?

(A) Women’s ability to participate in community development

(B) Women’s belief in the acceptability of intimate partner violence

(D) Women’s participation in politics

(B) Women’s belief in the acceptability of intimate partner violence

Explanation: "Attitude to violence" refers to women’s perspectives on intimate partner violence, particularly whether they accept or justify such violence in certain circumstances.

8. What is a common challenge in measuring women's empowerment?

(A) It is easy to quantify women’s empowerment across different societies

(B) Empowerment is a subjective and multi-dimensional process

(D) There is no variation in empowerment between different cultures

(B) Empowerment is a subjective and multi-dimensional process

Explanation: Women’s empowerment is subjective and varies across cultures, which makes it difficult to measure with a single, universally applicable tool.

9. Which of the following indices is commonly used to measure gender disparities and women’s empowerment?

(A) Global Gender Gap Index

(B) Gender Development Index

(D) All of the above

Explanation: The Global Gender Gap Index, Gender Development Index, and Gender Inequality Index are all used to measure gender disparities and aspects of women’s empowerment.

10. What does the "Participation in decision-making" domain of women’s empowerment assess?

(A) Women’s ability to negotiate financial terms

(B) Women’s participation in major household and community decisions

(D) Women’s access to healthcare services

(B) Women’s participation in major household and community decisions

Explanation: This domain assesses the extent to which women are involved in decisions concerning their household, such as healthcare, income usage, and major household purchases.

11. Which of the following dimensions of women’s empowerment includes access to health care, education, and the ability to control personal decisions?

(A) Economic empowerment

(B) Political empowerment

(D) Psychological empowerment

Explanation: Social empowerment refers to women’s ability to access resources such as education, healthcare, and the freedom to make personal decisions that impact their lives.

12. The "Gender Equality Index" is primarily used to measure:

(A) The gender gap in income

(B) The gender disparity in access to education

(D) The participation of women in the political process

Explanation: The Gender Equality Index measures the overall progress towards gender equality by assessing various factors, including economic participation, education, and political empowerment.

13. Which of the following is NOT a component of economic empowerment for women?

(A) Access to credit and financial resources

(B) Equal pay for equal work

(D) Opportunities for entrepreneurship

Explanation: Economic empowerment involves increasing women’s participation in economic activities, including access to credit, equal pay, and entrepreneurship opportunities.

14. According to Naila Kabeer’s framework, what does ‘access to resources’ in the context of women’s empowerment refer to?

(A) Women’s ability to make decisions independently

(B) Women’s control over household income

(D) Women’s access to family support

Explanation: Naila Kabeer’s framework emphasizes that access to resources, both financial and social, is a critical element in empowering women to make independent choices and decisions in their lives.

15. The "Agency" dimension of women’s empowerment primarily refers to:

(A) Women’s access to financial resources

(B) Women’s capacity to make choices and act upon them

(D) Women’s ability to work in any profession

(B) Women’s capacity to make choices and act upon them

Explanation: Agency refers to a woman's ability to make her own choices and act independently to achieve her goals, which is central to the concept of empowerment.

16. Which of the following is a challenge to women’s empowerment in many parts of the world?

(A) Equal participation in decision-making

(B) Gender-based violence and discrimination

(D) Women’s political representation

(B) Gender-based violence and discrimination

Explanation: Gender-based violence and discrimination continue to be major barriers to women’s empowerment, limiting their opportunities and freedoms in various areas of life.

17. Which of the following is an indicator of women's political empowerment?

(A) Women's ability to access credit

(B) Women's representation in government and political offices

(D) Women's participation in economic activities

(B) Women's representation in government and political offices

Explanation: Political empowerment is measured by women’s ability to participate in political processes, including their representation in government and political offices.

18. Which of the following dimensions of women’s empowerment refers to women’s participation in the decision-making processes in the household?

(A) Economic empowerment

(B) Political empowerment

(D) Psychological empowerment

Explanation: Household empowerment refers to women’s involvement in making decisions about household matters, including finances, child-rearing, and other key aspects of family life.

19. Which of the following is true regarding "gender equality" in the context of women’s empowerment?

(A) Women’s empowerment involves making men and women the same in all aspects

(B) Gender equality is a prerequisite for women’s empowerment, but not the same as empowerment itself

(D) Gender equality does not address women’s rights in the workplace

(B) Gender equality is a prerequisite for women’s empowerment, but not the same as empowerment itself

Explanation: Gender equality is an important foundation for women’s empowerment, but empowerment also involves women gaining control over their lives, making choices, and having access to opportunities beyond equality alone.

20. What is the role of NGOs in women’s empowerment?

(A) Providing financial assistance to women entrepreneurs

(B) Promoting gender equality through education, legal aid, and healthcare access

(D) All of the above

Explanation: NGOs play a crucial role in women’s empowerment by providing financial support, promoting gender equality, and ensuring access to education, legal aid, and healthcare, among other services.

21. What is the primary focus of the "Gender Inequality Index" in assessing women's empowerment?

(A) To measure the economic participation of women

(B) To measure women’s participation in decision-making

(D) To evaluate the physical safety of women in the workplace

Explanation: The Gender Inequality Index evaluates three important dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment (measured by political and educational attainment), and economic status (measured by labor force participation).

22. Which of the following is NOT a dimension of women's empowerment?

(A) Economic independence

(B) Political participation

(D) Limiting access to health and education

Explanation: Empowering women involves providing them with access to education, healthcare, economic independence, and political participation. Limiting access to these resources contradicts the goals of empowerment.

23. Which initiative is designed to enhance the economic participation of rural women in India?

(A) Mahila Shakti Kendra

(B) Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Program

(D) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

(B) Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Program

Explanation: The SHG Bank Linkage Program helps rural women access financial resources, enabling them to start or expand small businesses, thus enhancing their economic participation.

24. Which of the following is an example of economic empowerment for women?

(A) Access to high-quality education

(B) Equal pay for equal work

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Economic empowerment involves having the ability to access education, equal pay, and control over financial decisions, which contribute to a woman’s financial independence and self-reliance.

25. How can government policies support women’s empowerment in rural areas?

(A) By restricting women’s access to property and assets

(B) By providing subsidies for women in rural development programs

(D) By ensuring women have no role in community decision-making

(B) By providing subsidies for women in rural development programs

Explanation: Government policies can support rural women’s empowerment by providing financial assistance, training, and opportunities for women to engage in agriculture, entrepreneurship, and leadership roles.

26. What is one of the main obstacles to women’s empowerment in patriarchal societies?

(A) Access to education

(B) Gender-based violence and discrimination

(D) Equal participation in the workforce

(B) Gender-based violence and discrimination

Explanation: Gender-based violence and discrimination are major obstacles to women’s empowerment, as they limit women’s freedom, access to resources, and ability to participate fully in society.

27. Which of the following is a key element of political empowerment for women?

(A) Women’s access to reproductive healthcare services

(B) Women's representation in legislative bodies

(D) Women's control over household resources

(B) Women's representation in legislative bodies

Explanation: Political empowerment is significantly influenced by women’s participation in political processes, including representation in legislative bodies and decision-making roles.

28. In the context of women's empowerment, "psychological empowerment" refers to:

(A) Women’s ability to manage finances independently

(B) Women’s sense of self-worth, confidence, and control over their own lives

(D) Women’s access to education and health services

(B) Women’s sense of self-worth, confidence, and control over their own lives

Explanation: Psychological empowerment refers to the internal sense of confidence, self-worth, and control over one’s own life, allowing women to make independent choices and pursue their goals.

29. Which of the following programs is aimed at improving the health and well-being of women in India?

(A) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

(B) National Health Mission

(D) Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

(B) National Health Mission

Explanation: The National Health Mission focuses on improving the health and well-being of women by providing accessible and affordable healthcare services, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

30. What is the primary goal of the "Gender Development Index" (GDI)?

(A) To measure the gap between men and women in terms of education and life expectancy

(B) To measure the level of economic development of women

(D) To assess women's access to leadership positions

(A) To measure the gap between men and women in terms of education and life expectancy

Explanation: The Gender Development Index (GDI) measures gender disparities in key areas like life expectancy, education, and income, reflecting the overall well-being of men and women.

31. Which of the following dimensions is central to the concept of economic empowerment for women?

(A) Equal access to political power

(B) Control over income and assets

(D) Ability to influence social norms

(B) Control over income and assets

Explanation: Economic empowerment for women focuses on enabling them to control their income, assets, and resources, giving them the independence to make financial decisions.

32. The "Psychological Empowerment" of women involves which of the following?

(A) Gaining control over reproductive health

(B) Having access to education and job opportunities

(D) Leading political movements

Explanation: Psychological empowerment refers to a woman’s sense of confidence, control over her life, and autonomy, which is essential for her ability to make decisions and take action.

33. Which of the following is a key indicator of women’s social empowerment?

(A) Participation in household decision-making

(B) Economic independence

(D) Legal access and protection

(A) Participation in household decision-making

Explanation: Social empowerment involves women’s active participation in household and community decisions, promoting their voice and influence in matters affecting their lives.

34. What does "political empowerment" of women primarily focus on?

(A) Increasing women’s participation in electoral politics

(B) Ensuring women’s economic independence

(D) Encouraging women to conform to gender norms

(A) Increasing women’s participation in electoral politics

Explanation: Political empowerment of women focuses on their ability to participate in governance, make political decisions, and have their voices heard in the political process, such as in elections and policy-making.

35. Which government initiative aims to reduce gender disparities in education and promote the education of the girl child?

(A) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

(B) MUDRA Yojana

(D) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

(A) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

Explanation: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao is aimed at improving the child sex ratio, promoting girls' education, and addressing gender-based discrimination against girls.

36. How do NGOs like SEWA (Self-Employed Women’s Association) empower women?

(A) By limiting their access to financial resources

(B) By offering education and skill-building programs

(D) By reinforcing traditional gender roles in rural areas

(B) By offering education and skill-building programs

Explanation: SEWA empowers women by providing them with education, skill-building programs, and access to financial resources, helping them engage in income-generating activities and become financially independent.

37. Which of the following is a core principle of women’s empowerment in the context of the "Women's Empowerment Index"?

(A) Economic independence and education

(B) Women’s health and access to basic needs

(D) All of the above

Explanation: The Women's Empowerment Index evaluates various factors, including economic independence, education, health, and political participation, which are all key to understanding the overall empowerment of women.

38. What is the primary aim of the "Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana" for women?

(A) To offer women financial literacy programs

(B) To provide microfinance to women for entrepreneurship

(D) To promote political empowerment for women

(B) To provide microfinance to women for entrepreneurship

Explanation: The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana provides women entrepreneurs with access to affordable microfinance loans, helping them set up or expand their businesses and promoting economic empowerment.

39. What does "psychological empowerment" focus on in the context of women's empowerment?

(A) Women's access to education

(B) Women's control over their financial resources

(D) Women’s participation in the workforce

Explanation: Psychological empowerment focuses on building women's self-confidence, helping them feel empowered to make decisions and take control of their lives, contributing to their overall empowerment.

40. Which of the following is a common measure of women's political empowerment?

(A) Women's participation in political processes and decision-making

(B) Women's access to healthcare

(D) Women's access to education

(A) Women's participation in political processes and decision-making

Explanation: Political empowerment for women is measured by their ability to participate in political processes, including voting, holding political office, and influencing policy and decision-making.

41. How do cultural norms affect women’s empowerment in society?

(A) They encourage women to pursue their aspirations and careers

(B) They limit women’s choices, opportunities, and participation in decision-making

(D) They encourage women to lead in all aspects of governance

(B) They limit women’s choices, opportunities, and participation in decision-making

Explanation: Cultural norms can restrict women’s empowerment by reinforcing gender-based expectations, limiting their opportunities for education, employment, and participation in important societal decisions.

42. What does "economic empowerment" for women primarily entail?

(A) Access to healthcare and education

(B) Control over financial resources, income, and participation in economic activities

(D) Ability to influence social norms

(B) Control over financial resources, income, and participation in economic activities

Explanation: Economic empowerment refers to women having control over their financial resources, income, and being able to actively participate in economic activities that contribute to their financial independence.

43. Which of the following is a major challenge to women's empowerment in patriarchal societies?

(A) Equal access to education and healthcare

(B) Gender-based violence and limited economic opportunities

(D) Access to political representation

(B) Gender-based violence and limited economic opportunities

Explanation: In patriarchal societies, women often face significant barriers to empowerment, such as gender-based violence and limited access to economic opportunities, which restrict their ability to exercise agency and make choices.

44. How does the "Gender Development Index" (GDI) measure women’s empowerment?

(A) By comparing women’s income with men’s income

(B) By assessing the gap between men and women in life expectancy, education, and income

(D) By measuring the political participation of women

(B) By assessing the gap between men and women in life expectancy, education, and income

Explanation: The Gender Development Index (GDI) measures the gap between men and women in terms of life expectancy, education, and income, reflecting the overall gender disparities in human development.

45. What role does "political participation" play in women’s empowerment?

(A) It restricts women’s freedom and opportunities

(B) It allows women to have a voice in governance, shaping policies and decisions

(D) It discourages women from participating in household decisions

(B) It allows women to have a voice in governance, shaping policies and decisions

Explanation: Political participation empowers women by allowing them to contribute to governance, influence policy decisions, and ensure that women’s issues are represented and addressed in government and policymaking processes.

46. Which of the following dimensions of women’s empowerment focuses on ensuring women’s access to education and employment?

(A) Psychological empowerment

(B) Social empowerment

(D) Political empowerment

Explanation: Economic empowerment focuses on ensuring women have access to resources such as education and employment opportunities, enabling them to become financially independent and self-sufficient.

47. Which of the following factors is key to measuring psychological empowerment for women?

(A) Women's control over income and assets

(B) Women's ability to make decisions and have a sense of control over their lives

(D) Women's access to education and healthcare

(B) Women's ability to make decisions and have a sense of control over their lives

Explanation: Psychological empowerment refers to women’s sense of self-worth, autonomy, and their ability to make decisions that affect their lives and well-being.

48. Which government program is aimed at increasing the participation of women in the workforce and promoting self-employment?

(A) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

(B) Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

(D) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

(B) Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

Explanation: The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana provides financial support in the form of microloans to women entrepreneurs, helping them to start or expand businesses, thus promoting self-employment and economic empowerment.

49. What is a primary indicator of women's political empowerment?

(A) Women’s access to reproductive health services

(B) Women’s ability to run for and hold public office

(D) Women’s participation in the workforce

(B) Women’s ability to run for and hold public office

Explanation: Political empowerment for women is indicated by their ability to participate in politics, run for office, and hold decision-making positions in government and other political institutions.

50. How does “gender equality” contribute to women’s empowerment?

(A) By ensuring women are confined to traditional roles

(B) By limiting women's access to leadership positions

(D) By ensuring women remain dependent on men

Explanation: Gender equality is fundamental to women’s empowerment, as it ensures that women have the same opportunities and rights as men in all areas of life, including education, employment, and political participation.

51. What is the role of "legal empowerment" in women’s overall empowerment?

(A) To restrict women’s legal rights to family matters

(B) To ensure women have access to legal resources and can assert their rights

(D) To ensure men are the primary beneficiaries of legal systems

(B) To ensure women have access to legal resources and can assert their rights

Explanation: Legal empowerment is essential for women’s empowerment, as it enables them to access legal resources, assert their rights, and seek justice in cases of discrimination, violence, or inequality.

52. Which of the following is a critical dimension of women’s empowerment in rural areas?

(A) Limiting women’s participation in community decision-making

(B) Ensuring women have access to land ownership, education, and financial resources

(D) Preventing women from engaging in economic activities

(B) Ensuring women have access to land ownership, education, and financial resources

Explanation: Rural women’s empowerment depends on their access to land, education, financial resources, and participation in community decision-making, which promotes their economic and social development.

53. Which of the following reflects the goal of women’s economic empowerment?

(A) Increasing women’s dependency on men for income

(B) Ensuring equal pay for equal work and promoting women’s financial independence

(D) Ensuring women do not participate in economic decision-making

(B) Ensuring equal pay for equal work and promoting women’s financial independence

Explanation: Economic empowerment for women involves ensuring equal pay for equal work, access to financial resources, and opportunities for women to become financially independent and economically active.

54. Which of the following is an indicator of women’s social empowerment?

(A) Women’s ability to make decisions about their own lives

(B) Women’s limited participation in education and workforce

(D) Women’s acceptance of traditional gender roles

(A) Women’s ability to make decisions about their own lives

Explanation: Social empowerment involves women’s ability to make decisions about their lives, access resources, and participate in community and social decision-making processes.

55. What is the focus of the "National Mission for Empowerment of Women" (NMEW)?

(A) To ensure women’s participation in political leadership

(B) To empower women economically and socially through various programs

(D) To promote women’s participation in religious activities

(B) To empower women economically and socially through various programs

Explanation: The National Mission for Empowerment of Women focuses on empowering women through various programs aimed at improving their economic and social status, including education, skill-building, and legal support.

56. Which of the following is NOT a dimension of women's empowerment?

(A) Equal access to resources and opportunities

(B) Women’s active participation in political and community decision-making

(D) Women’s ability to influence policies that affect their lives

Explanation: Women’s empowerment involves ensuring access to resources, mobility, and participation in decision-making processes, not restricting their opportunities.

57. What is the primary objective of the "Mahila E-Haat" initiative?

(A) To provide women with a platform to sell handmade products online

(B) To encourage women to participate in traditional industries

(D) To ensure women have access to political leadership roles

(A) To provide women with a platform to sell handmade products online

Explanation: Mahila E-Haat is an online platform launched by the Government of India to empower women entrepreneurs by providing them with an opportunity to showcase and sell their products online, fostering economic empowerment.

58. Which dimension of women’s empowerment does the "Gender Inequality Index" (GII) primarily focus on?

(A) Social and cultural empowerment

(B) Educational and economic empowerment

(D) Health, education, and labor force participation

Explanation: The Gender Inequality Index (GII) focuses on gender disparities in health (maternal mortality), education (secondary and higher education), and economic participation (labor force participation).

59. What is a significant barrier to women's empowerment in many societies?

(A) Women's access to leadership roles

(B) Lack of legal rights for women

(D) Women's participation in the workforce

Explanation: Gender-based violence and discrimination are major barriers to women’s empowerment, as they hinder women’s freedom, access to opportunities, and full participation in society.

60. Which of the following is an example of social empowerment for women?

(A) Women controlling household income and resources

(B) Women’s participation in community leadership and decision-making

(D) Women’s control over healthcare access

(B) Women’s participation in community leadership and decision-making

Explanation: Social empowerment involves women’s active participation in community and societal decision-making processes, which enhances their influence and ability to shape social norms and policies.

61. The "Beti Bachao Beti Padhao" program focuses on which of the following goals?

(A) Promoting education and gender equality for girls

(B) Providing healthcare for women

(D) Empowering women through political representation

(A) Promoting education and gender equality for girls

Explanation: The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao initiative focuses on promoting the education of girls and ensuring gender equality, aiming to improve the child sex ratio and reduce female infanticide.

62. How does access to technology contribute to women’s empowerment?

(A) By limiting their participation in the workforce

(B) By providing them with tools for education, entrepreneurship, and networking

(D) By promoting gender stereotypes

(B) By providing them with tools for education, entrepreneurship, and networking

Explanation: Access to technology helps women by providing tools for education, communication, entrepreneurship, and networking, thus enabling them to improve their skills, income, and social standing.

63. Which of the following is a key aspect of political empowerment for women?

(A) Limited participation in community activities

(B) Equal representation in political offices and policy-making

(D) Women's role in maintaining household duties

(B) Equal representation in political offices and policy-making

Explanation: Political empowerment involves women’s ability to influence political processes, which includes equal representation in political offices, leadership roles, and decision-making bodies.

64. In which of the following ways does "economic empowerment" benefit women in society?

(A) It gives women the ability to contribute to the family’s income

(B) It increases women’s dependence on men for financial support

(D) It restricts women from taking part in entrepreneurship

(A) It gives women the ability to contribute to the family’s income

Explanation: Economic empowerment enables women to earn an income, support their families, make financial decisions, and become economically self-sufficient, contributing to their overall empowerment and societal development.

65. How does access to reproductive health contribute to women's empowerment?

(A) By limiting women’s ability to make decisions about their bodies

(B) By enabling women to control their reproductive choices and make informed decisions about family planning

(D) By promoting traditional gender roles

(B) By enabling women to control their reproductive choices and make informed decisions about family planning

Explanation: Access to reproductive health services allows women to make informed decisions about family planning, childbirth, and reproductive health, thus giving them control over their own bodies and enhancing their empowerment.

66. Which of the following initiatives helps women in India access credit for entrepreneurship?

(A) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana

(B) MUDRA Yojana

(D) National Rural Livelihood Mission

(B) MUDRA Yojana

Explanation: The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana provides microloans to women entrepreneurs, enabling them to start or expand small businesses, promoting economic empowerment and financial independence.

67. How do gender norms in society impact women’s empowerment?

(A) They help ensure women’s equal participation in all activities

(B) They limit women’s opportunities and reinforce traditional roles

(D) They allow women to take leadership roles

(B) They limit women’s opportunities and reinforce traditional roles

Explanation: Gender norms often restrict women to traditional roles, limiting their opportunities in education, employment, and leadership, thus hindering their empowerment.

68. Which of the following is a major component of women’s empowerment?

(A) Limiting access to resources and opportunities

(B) Increasing women’s control over their own lives, bodies, and decisions

(D) Preventing women from participating in the workforce

(B) Increasing women’s control over their own lives, bodies, and decisions

Explanation: Empowerment involves increasing women’s control over various aspects of their lives, including the ability to make decisions about their education, health, career, and family.

69. Which of the following is an essential aspect of "economic empowerment" for women?

(A) Women’s ability to own and control productive assets and income

(B) Women’s participation in household chores

(D) Limiting women’s access to decision-making roles in the family

(A) Women’s ability to own and control productive assets and income

Explanation: Economic empowerment involves women having control over resources, income, and assets, which enables them to make independent financial decisions and achieve self-sufficiency.

70. How does the "Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana" contribute to women’s empowerment?

(A) By providing financial support for women entrepreneurs

(B) By reducing women’s time spent on collecting firewood and providing clean cooking fuel

(D) By ensuring equal wages for women

(B) By reducing women’s time spent on collecting firewood and providing clean cooking fuel

Explanation: The Ujjwala Yojana provides free LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) households, reducing their dependence on traditional, unhealthy cooking methods, and freeing up their time for other productive activities.

71. What is a primary benefit of increasing women’s participation in the political decision-making process?

(A) Reducing the gender pay gap

(B) Addressing women-specific issues and promoting gender-sensitive policies

(D) Limiting women’s access to decision-making power

(B) Addressing women-specific issues and promoting gender-sensitive policies

Explanation: Increasing women’s participation in politics ensures that their issues, such as healthcare, gender equality, and violence prevention, are represented in policy-making and governance.

72. Which government initiative in India focuses on improving the health and education of the girl child?

(A) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

(B) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

(D) Ujjwala Yojana

(A) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

Explanation: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao is an initiative to improve the child sex ratio, promote girls' education, and address gender-based discrimination, ensuring girls have equal opportunities for health and education.

73. How does access to technology contribute to women’s empowerment?

(A) By limiting women’s ability to access information and opportunities

(B) By providing women with tools for education, economic participation, and communication

(D) By restricting women’s mobility and freedom

(B) By providing women with tools for education, economic participation, and communication

Explanation: Access to technology enables women to gain knowledge, communicate, engage in entrepreneurship, and access global markets, contributing to their empowerment across multiple dimensions.

74. Which of the following is a key focus of women’s psychological empowerment?

(A) Financial independence

(B) Control over physical and mental well-being

(D) Women’s access to healthcare services

(B) Control over physical and mental well-being

Explanation: Psychological empowerment focuses on improving women’s mental health, self-worth, autonomy, and their ability to make independent choices and decisions affecting their lives.

75. Which of the following does the "Gender Inequality Index" (GII) NOT measure?

(A) Women’s access to education

(B) Women’s participation in the labor force

(D) Women’s reproductive health, such as maternal mortality rates

Explanation: The Gender Inequality Index (GII) measures gender disparities in areas such as reproductive health, empowerment (education and labor force participation), and economic participation but does not directly assess political leadership representation.

76. What is the main objective of the "National Mission for Empowerment of Women" (NMEW)?

(A) To increase women’s participation in political leadership

(B) To provide women with free education in rural areas

(D) To reduce the number of women in rural areas

Explanation: The NMEW aims to empower women through policies and programs that improve access to resources, opportunities, and rights, promoting their participation in social, economic, and political spheres.

77. Which of the following initiatives is specifically aimed at promoting women's entrepreneurship in India?

(A) MUDRA Yojana

(B) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

(D) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana

(A) MUDRA Yojana

Explanation: The MUDRA Yojana (Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency) aims to provide financial support to women entrepreneurs, enabling them to start or expand small businesses in various sectors.

78. Which of the following is a key element of women's political empowerment?

(A) Women's limited participation in political offices

(B) Women’s active involvement in electoral politics and governance

(D) Women's control over household resources

(B) Women’s active involvement in electoral politics and governance

Explanation: Political empowerment for women includes their participation in electoral politics, governance, and policy-making, ensuring their voices are represented in decision-making processes.

79. How can social empowerment contribute to the economic empowerment of women?

(A) By limiting women’s access to education and employment opportunities

(B) By providing women with access to leadership positions in the community

(D) By promoting gender-based discrimination in the workforce

(B) By providing women with access to leadership positions in the community

Explanation: Social empowerment enables women to take on leadership roles, influence decision-making, and participate fully in the workforce, which ultimately supports their economic independence.

80. What role does "gender equality" play in achieving women’s empowerment?

(A) It restricts women's access to leadership positions

(B) It ensures that women have the same rights and opportunities as men in all areas of life

(D) It limits women’s participation in education and health

(B) It ensures that women have the same rights and opportunities as men in all areas of life

Explanation: Gender equality ensures that women and men have equal opportunities, rights, and access to resources in education, employment, healthcare, and political participation, which is foundational to women’s empowerment.

81. What is a significant indicator of "economic empowerment" for women?

(A) Women's involvement in traditional household duties

(B) Women’s access to paid employment and control over income

(D) Women’s participation in religious activities only

(B) Women’s access to paid employment and control over income

Explanation: Economic empowerment for women involves their ability to earn a living, access paid employment, and make independent financial decisions, thus increasing their economic independence.

82. Which of the following dimensions is important for the "psychological empowerment" of women?

(A) Their ability to influence family decisions

(B) Their sense of self-worth, confidence, and ability to make choices

(D) Their participation in community events

(B) Their sense of self-worth, confidence, and ability to make choices

Explanation: Psychological empowerment involves women having a strong sense of self-worth, confidence, and the autonomy to make decisions that affect their personal lives, leading to increased agency.

83. How does access to education play a role in women’s empowerment?

(A) It limits women’s ability to enter the workforce

(B) It enhances women’s knowledge, skills, and employability, leading to economic independence

(D) It encourages women to stay in the home

(B) It enhances women’s knowledge, skills, and employability, leading to economic independence

Explanation: Access to education is one of the most important aspects of empowerment, as it enables women to develop the skills and knowledge required to gain economic independence, enhance their decision-making abilities, and improve their social status.

84. What does "social empowerment" for women entail?

(A) Women’s limited participation in decision-making

(B) Women’s access to resources, leadership opportunities, and equality in social structures

(D) Women’s exclusion from community roles

(B) Women’s access to resources, leadership opportunities, and equality in social structures

Explanation: Social empowerment for women involves equal access to resources and opportunities in all social structures, as well as the ability to take on leadership roles in their communities.

85. Which initiative aims to improve the economic status of women through self-employment opportunities and skill development?

(A) MUDRA Yojana

(B) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

(D) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

(A) MUDRA Yojana

Explanation: The MUDRA Yojana provides financial support to women entrepreneurs through micro-loans, enabling them to start or expand small businesses and improve their economic independence.

86. How does “political empowerment” benefit women in society?

(A) It limits their access to leadership positions

(B) It allows them to influence policies and decisions that affect their lives

(D) It discourages women from participating in governance

(B) It allows them to influence policies and decisions that affect their lives

Explanation: Political empowerment enables women to participate in governance, influencing policies and decisions that impact their lives, families, and communities, thereby ensuring their voices are heard in important decisions.

87. Which of the following government programs helps women access affordable housing and reduce their domestic burden?

(A) Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

(B) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

(D) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

(B) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

Explanation: The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana provides affordable housing for the poor, especially women, reducing their domestic burden and improving their living conditions, thus contributing to their empowerment.

88. Which of the following is a key element of “psychological empowerment” for women?

(A) Women's access to education and healthcare

(B) Women's ability to make independent decisions about their lives

(D) Women's involvement in economic activities

(B) Women's ability to make independent decisions about their lives

Explanation: Psychological empowerment is primarily about women’s ability to make independent decisions, feel confident in their choices, and act autonomously, which enhances their overall empowerment.

89. How does “access to reproductive health” contribute to women’s empowerment?

(A) It limits women's decision-making power

(B) It allows women to make informed decisions about family planning and health

(D) It discourages women from participating in the workforce

(B) It allows women to make informed decisions about family planning and health

Explanation: Access to reproductive health services empowers women to make informed decisions about their family planning and reproductive health, improving their control over their bodies and contributing to their overall well-being.

90. What is the impact of women's "social empowerment" on gender equality?

(A) It reinforces gender-based discrimination

(B) It ensures women’s equal access to opportunities and resources in society

(D) It encourages women to adopt traditional roles

(B) It ensures women’s equal access to opportunities and resources in society

Explanation: Social empowerment ensures women’s equal access to education, employment, healthcare, and social services, promoting gender equality and enabling women to fully participate in society.

91. Which of the following dimensions of empowerment involves women’s ability to participate in economic activities and have control over financial resources?

(A) Social empowerment

(B) Political empowerment

(D) Psychological empowerment

Explanation: Economic empowerment refers to women’s ability to participate in economic activities, control financial resources, and make decisions related to their economic well-being.

92. How does increasing women’s access to education contribute to their empowerment?

(A) By limiting women’s ability to engage in the workforce

(B) By enhancing women’s decision-making abilities and increasing employment opportunities

(D) By promoting the traditional gender roles for women

(B) By enhancing women’s decision-making abilities and increasing employment opportunities

Explanation: Access to education increases women’s knowledge, enhances their decision-making abilities, and opens up employment opportunities, which are critical to their overall empowerment.

93. Which of the following does "agency" in the context of women's empowerment refer to?

(A) Women’s ability to make decisions and act according to their own choices

(B) Women’s ability to conform to social norms

(D) Women’s passive acceptance of traditional gender roles

(A) Women’s ability to make decisions and act according to their own choices

Explanation: Agency refers to women’s ability to make autonomous decisions, control their own lives, and act according to their choices without being restricted by external factors.

94. Which of the following is an indicator of women’s "social empowerment"?

(A) Women's ability to control household finances

(B) Women’s equal participation in household and community decision-making

(D) Women's limited access to education

(B) Women’s equal participation in household and community decision-making

Explanation: Social empowerment is reflected in women’s equal participation in family and community decision-making, which enables them to influence their environment and society.

95. Which of the following dimensions of empowerment involves women’s access to legal protection and justice?

(A) Social empowerment

(B) Political empowerment

(D) Economic empowerment

Explanation: Legal empowerment ensures that women have access to justice, legal rights, and protection against discrimination and violence, which is vital for their overall empowerment.

96. How do government schemes like "MUDRA Yojana" promote women's empowerment?

(A) By providing subsidies to women’s household expenses

(B) By offering micro-loans to women entrepreneurs to start or expand businesses

(D) By promoting women’s participation in traditional roles

(B) By offering micro-loans to women entrepreneurs to start or expand businesses

Explanation: The MUDRA Yojana provides micro-financing to women entrepreneurs, enabling them to start or expand small businesses, which contributes to their economic empowerment and independence.

97. What role does "economic independence" play in women’s empowerment?

(A) It allows women to make decisions about their lives and future

(B) It limits women’s opportunities in the workforce

(D) It restricts women’s access to resources and opportunities

(A) It allows women to make decisions about their lives and future

Explanation: Economic independence is a key aspect of empowerment, allowing women to make informed decisions about their personal lives, career, and future, without being dependent on others.

98. Which of the following is a key factor in measuring the "psychological empowerment" of women?

(A) Their ability to earn income

(B) Their sense of self-worth, autonomy, and confidence in making decisions

(D) Their ability to conform to gender expectations

(B) Their sense of self-worth, autonomy, and confidence in making decisions

Explanation: Psychological empowerment refers to women having a sense of self-worth, autonomy, and confidence in making decisions that affect their lives, leading to increased personal agency.

99. Which of the following statements is TRUE about women’s empowerment?

(A) It only focuses on economic independence

(B) It involves providing equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources in all areas of life

(D) It limits women’s access to education and healthcare

(B) It involves providing equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources in all areas of life

Explanation: Women’s empowerment encompasses equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources in education, employment, health, and leadership, ensuring that women have control over their lives and decisions.

100. Which of the following is an essential component of women’s empowerment in the context of political empowerment?

(A) Women's ability to participate in electoral processes and governance

(B) Women's role in domestic tasks only

(D) Women's participation in the workforce only

(A) Women's ability to participate in electoral processes and governance

Explanation: Political empowerment involves women’s active participation in electoral politics, governance, and policy-making, ensuring that women’s voices are heard and represented in decision-making processes.

Women Empowerment-Meaning and Dimensions

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