STPGT-Sociology_Émile Durkheim: Suicide

Model MCQ's Émile Durkheim

Émile Durkheim: Suicide

1. What is Emile Durkheim’s primary approach to understanding suicide?

(A) Psychological motives of individuals

(B) Social causes and social facts

(D) Philosophical morality

(B) Social causes and social facts

Explanation: Durkheim emphasized social factors and social facts as the key to explaining suicide rather than individual psychological or biological causes.

2. According to Durkheim, what is the "collective conscience"?

(A) Individual self-awareness

(B) Shared beliefs and moral attitudes of a society

(D) Religious teachings only

(B) Shared beliefs and moral attitudes of a society

Explanation: The collective conscience is the set of shared beliefs and values that bind individuals in society and influence behaviour, including rates of suicide.

3. Which type of suicide is caused by a lack of integration of the individual into society?

(A) Altruistic suicide

(B) Anomic suicide

(D) Egoistic suicide

Explanation: Egoistic suicide results from weak social ties and insufficient integration into social groups.

4. Which group does Durkheim find has the lowest suicide rate due to strong social integration?

(A) Protestants

(B) Catholics

(D) Buddhists

(B) Catholics

Explanation: Catholics have a lower suicide rate because of stronger integration and collective social practices.

5. Altruistic suicide occurs when:

(A) The individual lacks social regulation

(B) The individual is overly integrated into the society

(D) Society is in an anomic state

(B) The individual is overly integrated into the society

Explanation: Altruistic suicide results from excessive integration, where individuals sacrifice themselves for the group.

6. Anomic suicide is caused by:

(A) Excessive social regulation

(B) Lack of social regulation or sudden social change

(D) Strong family bonds

(B) Lack of social regulation or sudden social change

Explanation: Anomic suicide happens during periods of social or economic upheaval when norms break down.

7. Durkheim considers suicide a:

(A) Purely individual act

(B) Social phenomenon influenced by societal factors

(D) Crime only

(B) Social phenomenon influenced by societal factors

Explanation: Suicide, for Durkheim, is a social fact, influenced by social structures and collective influences.

8. What role does religion play in Durkheim’s theory on suicide?

(A) No influence

(B) It regulates social integration and affects suicide rates

(D) It increases suicide rates regardless of type

(B) It regulates social integration and affects suicide rates

Explanation: Religions differ in how much they integrate people, affecting suicide rates accordingly.

9. What is the significance of the family in Durkheim’s analysis of suicide?

(A) Family size has no effect

(B) Strong family ties reduce suicide risk

(D) Family only matters in fatalistic suicide

(B) Strong family ties reduce suicide risk

Explanation: Strong family bonds provide social integration which decreases suicide risk.

10. Fatalistic suicide occurs under:

(A) Excessive social control and regulation

(B) Lack of regulation and normlessness

(D) Extreme social isolation

(A) Excessive social control and regulation

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide happens when regulation is too oppressive, leaving no hope for change.

11. According to Durkheim, the suicide rate is:

(A) Random and unpredictable

(B) A constant social fact characteristic of each society

(D) Completely explained by imitation

(B) A constant social fact characteristic of each society

Explanation: Suicide rates are relatively stable within societies and reflect the social structure.

12. Durkheim’s sociological method involves:

(A) Studying individual motives in depth

(B) Statistical analysis of social data

(D) Genetic analysis

(B) Statistical analysis of social data

Explanation: Durkheim pioneered the use of statistical methods to analyze social phenomena like suicide.

13. Which factor did Durkheim dismiss as the main cause of suicide?

(A) Social integration

(B) Heredity and race

(D) Religious influence

(B) Heredity and race

Explanation: He rejected biological or hereditary explanations as inadequate.

14. How does Durkheim explain the higher suicide rate among Protestants compared to Catholics?

(A) Protestants have stronger social ties

(B) Protestantism encourages individualism and weakens social integration

(D) Only secularization matters

(B) Protestantism encourages individualism and weakens social integration

Explanation: Protestant emphasis on individual conscience leads to weaker social bonds.

15. Durkheim links a rapid rise in suicide rates to:

(A) Stable societies

(B) Breakdown in social norms and regulation

(D) Strong family networks

(B) Breakdown in social norms and regulation

Explanation: Rapid social change can cause anomie, leading to increased suicides.

16. Which of the following is NOT a type of suicide identified by Durkheim?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Altruistic

(D) Narcissistic

Explanation: Narcissistic suicide is not one of the four types Durkheim identified.

17. What is Durkheim’s view on the individual’s reasons for suicide?

(A) They are the sole cause of suicide

(B) They must be understood in the context of social influences

(D) They are always rational

(B) They must be understood in the context of social influences

Explanation: Individual motives reflect broader social realities.

18. The concept of "anomie" in Durkheim’s theory means:

(A) Excessive regulation

(B) Normlessness or breakdown of social norms

(D) Social solidarity

(B) Normlessness or breakdown of social norms

Explanation: Anomie describes social instability due to norm breakdown.

19. Which of the following did Durkheim emphasize as a way to reduce suicide?

(A) Increase repression of individuals

(B) Strengthen social integration through groups

(D) Focus on individual psychotherapy only

(B) Strengthen social integration through groups

Explanation: Reinforcing social bonds can reduce suicide rates.

20. Durkheim used suicide as a case to:

(A) Support biological determinism

(B) Demonstrate the influence of social facts on individual behaviour

(D) Prove imitation theory

(B) Demonstrate the influence of social facts on individual behaviour

Explanation: Suicide served to illustrate that social structures exert causal influence over individuals.

21. What does egoistic suicide signify according to Durkheim?

(A) Excessive social integration

(B) Weak social ties and isolation

(D) Strong family bonds

(B) Weak social ties and isolation

Explanation: Egoistic suicide occurs when individuals are not well integrated into social groups and feel isolated.

22. Altruistic suicide is primarily caused by:

(A) Lack of social norms

(B) Excessive integration where the individual's needs are subordinated to the group's

(D) Social isolation

(B) Excessive integration where the individual's needs are subordinated to the group's

Explanation: Altruistic suicide results from the social group exerting too strong an influence on the individual.

23. Anomic suicide occurs under which of the following conditions?

(A) Strong and clear social regulations

(B) Sudden social or economic disruption leading to normlessness

(D) Isolation from others

(B) Sudden social or economic disruption leading to normlessness

Explanation: Anomie is a state of normlessness or breakdown of social norms, often during rapid changes.

24. Fatalistic suicide is characterized by:

(A) A lack of social regulation

(B) Excessive social control causing feelings of oppression

(D) Social isolation

(B) Excessive social control causing feelings of oppression

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide occurs when people are excessively regulated with no hope for change.

25. Which type of suicide did Durkheim think was rare or theoretical?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Altruistic

(D) Fatalistic

Explanation: Durkheim regarded fatalistic suicide as more theoretical, with limited empirical examples.

26. Durkheim found that unmarried individuals have:

(A) Lower suicide rates due to social freedom

(B) Higher suicide rates due to weaker social integration

(D) Lower rates due to lack of family responsibilities

(B) Higher suicide rates due to weaker social integration

Explanation: Marriage provides social integration and reduces suicide risk.

27. Which of the following is a major social cause of suicide?

(A) Personal psychological issues only

(B) Social facts like integration and regulation

(D) Religious beliefs alone

(B) Social facts like integration and regulation

Explanation: Durkheim emphasized social facts as primary causes of suicide.

28. How does rapid economic change relate to suicide according to Durkheim?

(A) It decreases suicide by providing opportunities

(B) It can increase suicide by causing anomie and normlessness

(D) It only affects suicide if it causes poverty

(B) It can increase suicide by causing anomie and normlessness

Explanation: Sudden economic disruption can lead to social deregulation and increased suicide rates.

29. What role does religion play in suicide rates, per Durkheim’s study?

(A) Strict religions tend to have lower suicide rates due to social regulation

(B) Religion has no effect on suicide rates

(D) Religious people commit more egoistic suicides

(A) Strict religions tend to have lower suicide rates due to social regulation

Explanation: Religions with strong communal ties reduce suicide risk by enhancing social integration.

30. Which of the following statements agrees with Durkheim’s theory?

(A) Suicide is only an individual psychological problem

(B) Suicide rates reflect social integration and regulation

(D) Suicide rates are decreasing worldwide due to modernization

(B) Suicide rates reflect social integration and regulation

Explanation: Durkheim linked suicide rates to social factors like integration and regulation.

31. The term "anomie" was used by Durkheim to describe:

(A) Excessive social cohesion

(B) A breakdown in social norms and values

(D) Individual isolation

(B) A breakdown in social norms and values

Explanation: Anomie refers to a state of normlessness or moral confusion during rapid social change.

32. Which suicide type is associated with strict discipline and repression?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Altruistic

(D) Fatalistic

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide results from excessive social control and oppression.

33. Durkheim’s study of suicide is important because it was one of the first:

(A) Psychological analyses of death

(B) Sociological studies using statistical data and social facts

(D) Legal analyses of suicide cases

(B) Sociological studies using statistical data and social facts

Explanation: The study pioneered using sociology and statistics to analyze suicide systematically.

34. Which of the following is a key feature of altruistic suicide?

(A) The individual disconnected from society

(B) The individual’s life is highly valued by society

(D) The individual is ethically confused

Explanation: In altruistic suicide, individuals die for perceived collective benefits.

35. How does Durkheim explain the high suicide rates amongst soldiers in wartime?

(A) Because of mental illness only

(B) Due to excessive social integration and altruistic motives

(D) This is unrelated to his theory

(B) Due to excessive social integration and altruistic motives

Explanation: Soldiers may commit altruistic suicide by sacrificing themselves for their country.

36. According to Durkheim, suicide rates are considered:

(A) Uniform across all societies

(B) Variable and linked to specific social conditions

(D) Dependent on genetics

(B) Variable and linked to specific social conditions

Explanation: Suicide rates differ by social integration and regulation in given societies.

37. What is the key social factor leading to egoistic suicide?

(A) Excessive social control

(B) Social isolation and weakened group ties

(D) Economic downturns only

(B) Social isolation and weakened group ties

Explanation: Egoism is linked to social isolation and lack of belonging.

38. What kind of suicide results when social norms become unclear or breakdown?

(A) Fatalistic

(B) Anomic

(D) Egoistic

(B) Anomic

Explanation: Anomie results from social or economic disruption leading to norm breakdown.

39. Which type of suicide is related to oppressive and excessive regulation?

(A) Altruistic

(B) Egoistic

(D) Fatalistic

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide occurs under oppressive social conditions.

40. The main contribution of Durkheim's suicide study to sociology is:

(A) Explaining suicide exclusively through psychology

(B) Demonstrating the impact of societal forces on individual actions

(D) Studying suicide as a purely personal event

(B) Demonstrating the impact of societal forces on individual actions

Explanation: Durkheim showed how social structures shape individual behaviour, such as suicide.

41. According to Durkheim, a defining characteristic of suicide is that it is:

(A) Always accidental

(B) Performed advisedly with knowledge death will result

(D) Driven only by psychological factors

(B) Performed advisedly with knowledge death will result

Explanation: Durkheim defined suicide as intentional self-inflicted death where the individual knows death will result.

42. Which suicide type is most closely related to a feeling of not belonging or social isolation?

(A) Altruistic

(B) Egoistic

(D) Fatalistic

(B) Egoistic

Explanation: Egoistic suicide arises when individuals are not well integrated into social groups or communities.

43. In groups with high social integration where individual sacrifice is expected, which suicide type is likely?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Altruistic

(D) Fatalistic

(B) Altruistic

Explanation: Altruistic suicide occurs when individuals are excessively integrated and subordinate personal needs to the group.

44. Anomic suicide is triggered by:

(A) Overregulation by oppressive social norms

(B) Sudden social or economic upheaval causing normlessness

(D) Excessive conformity

(B) Sudden social or economic upheaval causing normlessness

Explanation: Anomie refers to the breakdown or absence of social norms especially during rapid change.

45. Fatalistic suicide is associated with:

(A) Normlessness

(B) Excessive regulation and oppression

(D) High social freedom

(B) Excessive regulation and oppression

Explanation: It occurs where individuals experience excessively oppressive conditions.

46. Durkheim found that unmarried people experience:

(A) Lower suicide rates than married people

(B) Higher suicide rates due to weaker social ties

(D) Suicide rates unrelated to marital status

(B) Higher suicide rates due to weaker social ties

Explanation: Marriage strengthens social integration, reducing suicide risk.

47. Which of the following is a major social cause of suicide?

(A) Personal psychological issues only

(B) Social facts like integration and regulation

(D) Religious beliefs alone

(B) Social facts like integration and regulation

Explanation: Durkheim emphasized social facts as primary causes of suicide.

48. How does rapid economic change relate to suicide according to Durkheim?

(A) It decreases suicide by providing opportunities

(B) It can increase suicide by causing anomie and normlessness

(D) It only affects suicide if it causes poverty

(B) It can increase suicide by causing anomie and normlessness

Explanation: Sudden economic disruption can lead to social deregulation and increased suicide rates.

49. What role does religion play in suicide rates, per Durkheim’s study?

(A) Strict religions tend to have lower suicide rates due to social regulation

(B) Religion has no effect on suicide rates

(D) Religious people commit more egoistic suicides

(A) Strict religions tend to have lower suicide rates due to social regulation

Explanation: Religions with strong communal ties reduce suicide risk by enhancing social integration.

50. Which of the following statements agrees with Durkheim’s theory?

(A) Suicide is only an individual psychological problem

(B) Suicide rates reflect social integration and regulation

(D) Suicide rates are decreasing worldwide due to modernization

(B) Suicide rates reflect social integration and regulation

Explanation: Durkheim linked suicide rates to social factors like integration and regulation.

51. The term "anomie" was used by Durkheim to describe:

(A) Excessive social cohesion

(B) A breakdown in social norms and values

(D) Individual isolation

(B) A breakdown in social norms and values

Explanation: Anomie refers to a state of normlessness or moral confusion during rapid social change.

52. Which suicide type is associated with strict discipline and repression?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Altruistic

(D) Fatalistic

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide results from excessive social control and oppression.

53. Durkheim’s study of suicide is important because it was one of the first:

(A) Psychological analyses of death

(B) Sociological studies using statistical data and social facts

(D) Legal analyses of suicide cases

(B) Sociological studies using statistical data and social facts

Explanation: The study pioneered using sociology and statistics to analyze suicide systematically.

54. Which of the following is a key feature of altruistic suicide?

(A) The individual disconnected from society

(B) The individual’s life is highly valued by society

(D) The individual is ethically confused

Explanation: In altruistic suicide, individuals die for perceived collective benefits.

55. How does Durkheim explain the high suicide rates amongst soldiers in wartime?

(A) Because of mental illness only

(B) Due to excessive social integration and altruistic motives

(D) This is unrelated to his theory

(B) Due to excessive social integration and altruistic motives

Explanation: Soldiers may commit altruistic suicide by sacrificing themselves for their country.

56. According to Durkheim, suicide rates are considered:

(A) Uniform across all societies

(B) Variable and linked to specific social conditions

(D) Dependent on genetics

(B) Variable and linked to specific social conditions

Explanation: Suicide rates differ by social integration and regulation in given societies.

57. What is the key social factor leading to egoistic suicide?

(A) Excessive social control

(B) Social isolation and weakened group ties

(D) Economic downturns only

(B) Social isolation and weakened group ties

Explanation: Egoism is linked to social isolation and lack of belonging.

58. What kind of suicide results when social norms become unclear or breakdown?

(A) Fatalistic

(B) Anomic

(D) Egoistic

(B) Anomic

Explanation: Anomie results from social or economic disruption leading to norm breakdown.

59. Which type of suicide is related to oppressive and excessive regulation?

(A) Altruistic

(B) Egoistic

(D) Fatalistic

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide occurs under oppressive social conditions.

60. The main contribution of Durkheim's suicide study to sociology is:

(A) Explaining suicide exclusively through psychology

(B) Demonstrating the impact of societal forces on individual actions

(D) Studying suicide as a purely personal event

(B) Demonstrating the impact of societal forces on individual actions

Explanation: Durkheim showed how social structures shape individual behaviour, such as suicide.

61. Which of the following best describes Durkheim’s classification of suicide?

(A) Based solely on individual psychological traits

(B) Based on the two social forces of integration and regulation

(D) Based on genetic predispositions

(B) Based on the two social forces of integration and regulation

Explanation: Durkheim distinguished types of suicide by the degree of social integration and moral regulation.

62. Which type of suicide shows a strong affiliation with deep religious or social commitments?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Anomic

(D) Fatalistic

Explanation: Altruistic suicide is tied to excessive integration where self-sacrifice is valued.

63. Durkheim explains that anomie is:

(A) Excessive social control pushing people to suicide

(B) A state of normlessness or social instability

(D) A psychological disorder only

(B) A state of normlessness or social instability

Explanation: Anomie occurs when social norms break down, causing distress.

64. When individuals feel their futures are blocked by oppressive social conditions, they are at risk of:

(A) Egoistic suicide

(B) Anomic suicide

(D) Fatalistic suicide

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide happens under excessive regulation and hopelessness.

65. In Durkheim’s view, those with weak family ties are:

(A) More prone to egoistic suicide

(B) More prone to altruistic suicide

(D) Immune to suicide

(A) More prone to egoistic suicide

Explanation: Weakened social bonds increase risk of egoistic suicide.

66. In Durkheim's research, which group had the highest suicide rates?

(A) Married men

(B) Single men

(D) Children

(B) Single men

Explanation: Single, especially unmarried men, showed higher suicide rates due to less social integration.

67. How does Durkheim define suicide?

(A) Any death caused unintentionally by oneself

(B) Death caused directly or indirectly by one's own actions, knowing it will lead to death

(D) Accident in daily life

(B) Death caused directly or indirectly by one's own actions, knowing it will lead to death

Explanation: Durkheim emphasized the intentional and advised nature of a suicidal act.

68. Durkheim’s idea of social facts includes:

(A) Physical laws only

(B) Collective beliefs and norms influencing individual behaviour

(D) Economic factors alone

(B) Collective beliefs and norms influencing individual behaviour

Explanation: Social facts are collective phenomena independent of individuals but shaping their behaviour.

69. What social condition increases anomic suicide according to Durkheim?

(A) Stable economic conditions

(B) Sudden economic or social upheaval

(D) Close family relationships

(B) Sudden economic or social upheaval

Explanation: Unstable social or economic conditions disrupt norms and increase anomie.

70. Altruistic suicide differs from egoistic suicide in that:

(A) Altruistic occurs from too much social integration, egoistic from too little

(B) Both results of lack of social ties

(D) Altruistic is about social isolation

(A) Altruistic occurs from too much social integration, egoistic from too little

Explanation: Altruistic suicide results from excessive integration, egoistic from insufficient integration.

71. Fatalistic suicide is most likely to occur in:

(A) Societies with little social control

(B) Prison or slavery under oppressive rules

(D) Communities with strong family support

(B) Prison or slavery under oppressive rules

Explanation: When futures are blocked by harsh control, fatalistic suicide may increase.

72. According to Durkheim, what effect does social regulation have on suicide?

(A) No effect

(B) Both too little and too much regulation can lead to suicide

(D) Regulation prevents all types of suicide

(B) Both too little and too much regulation can lead to suicide

Explanation: Both an absence and excess of social regulation may result in different types of suicide.

73. Durkheim linked high suicide rates in Protestants primarily to:

(A) Religion itself

(B) Higher individualism and weaker social integration

(D) Ritual beliefs

(B) Higher individualism and weaker social integration

Explanation: Protestant emphasis on individual conscience led to weaker social ties.

74. Durkheim’s study focused on which aspect of suicide?

(A) Psychological motives alone

(B) Sociological causes related to social structure

(D) Philosophical ethics

(B) Sociological causes related to social structure

Explanation: Durkheim examined suicide as a social fact influenced by social integration and regulation.

75. According to Durkheim, what reduces egoistic suicide?

(A) Increasing social isolation

(B) Strengthening social groups and integration

(D) Increasing economic inequality

(B) Strengthening social groups and integration

Explanation: Strong social ties protect against egoistic suicide.

76. Which of the following is NOT one of Durkheim’s types of suicide?

(A) Altruistic

(B) Fatalistic

(D) Narcissistic

Explanation: Narcissistic suicide is not one of the four types Durkheim identified.

77. In Durkheim’s theory, what social phenomenon is closely connected to an increase in altruistic suicide?

(A) Social isolation

(B) Strong collective commitment

(D) Weak family structure

(B) Strong collective commitment

Explanation: Excessive integration and collective commitment encourage altruistic suicide.

78. Durkheim considered that suicide rates:

(A) Vary significantly between societies based on social factors

(B) Are the same across all cultures

(D) Are random and unpredictable

(A) Vary significantly between societies based on social factors

Explanation: Suicide rates reflect social integration and regulation differences across societies.

79. What is Durkheim’s view on the relationship between suicide and crime?

(A) They are the same phenomenon

(B) Suicide rates may increase or decrease independently of crime rates

(D) Crime directly causes suicide

(B) Suicide rates may increase or decrease independently of crime rates

Explanation: While both can indicate social disorder, they do not correlate directly.

80. According to Durkheim, which social change can lead to an increase in anomic suicide?

(A) A stable government

(B) Rapid industrialization and economic upheaval

(D) Increased social regulation

(B) Rapid industrialization and economic upheaval

Explanation: Rapid changes generate normlessness causing higher anomic suicide.

81. Durkheim defines suicide as:

(A) Any death occurring accidentally

(B) Death resulting directly or indirectly from the positive or negative act of the victim, with the knowledge that death will result

(D) Sudden unexpected death

(B) Death resulting directly or indirectly from the positive or negative act of the victim, with the knowledge that death will result

Explanation: Durkheim emphasized the intentional and advised nature of a suicidal act.

82. Durkheim used statistical data on suicide to prove:

(A) Suicide varies randomly across societies

(B) Suicide has social causes and varies according to social factors

(D) Suicide is unrelated to social environment

(B) Suicide has social causes and varies according to social factors

Explanation: His analysis showed that social integration and regulation impact suicide rates.

83. What kind of social groups tend to have lower suicide rates?

(A) Groups with weak norms and bonds

(B) Strongly integrated social groups with clear norms

(D) Groups in social upheaval

(B) Strongly integrated social groups with clear norms

Explanation: Strong social integration protects individuals against suicide.

84. According to Durkheim, what is the role of "collective conscience"?

(A) To promote individualism

(B) To regulate social behaviour and provide shared moral guidance

(D) To decrease social solidarity

(B) To regulate social behaviour and provide shared moral guidance

Explanation: Collective conscience maintains social cohesion and influences behaviour.

85. Egoistic suicide is mostly caused by:

(A) Excessive social integration

(B) Lack of social integration leading to detachment and loneliness

(D) Stricter social rules

(B) Lack of social integration leading to detachment and loneliness

Explanation: Egoistic suicide involves feelings of meaninglessness due to weak societal connections.

86. In what social circumstance does anomic suicide typically occur?

(A) Stable social environment

(B) Sudden social or economic change disrupting norms

(D) Strong family bonds

(B) Sudden social or economic change disrupting norms

Explanation: Anomie refers to normlessness provoked by rapid changes.

87. How do altruistic suicides arise, per Durkheim?

(A) From lack of integration

(B) When individuals highly integrate and subordinate personal needs to society’s interests

(D) From random events

(B) When individuals highly integrate and subordinate personal needs to society’s interests

Explanation: Such suicides occur when social integration is excessive.

88. Fatalistic suicide is associated with:

(A) Normlessness

(B) Excessive regulation and oppressive discipline

(D) High social freedom

(B) Excessive regulation and oppressive discipline

Explanation: It occurs where individuals experience excessively oppressive conditions.

89. Which types of suicide are more common in modern societies, according to Durkheim?

(A) Altruistic and fatalistic

(B) Egoistic and anomic

(D) Altruistic only

(B) Egoistic and anomic

Explanation: Egoistic and anomic suicides relate to individualism and rapid social change typical of modernity.

90. What does Durkheim recommend to reduce suicide rates?

(A) Focus on individual therapy alone

(B) Strengthen social integration and collective regulation

(D) Ignore social factors

(B) Strengthen social integration and collective regulation

Explanation: Enhancing social ties and moral regulation reduces risk.

91. Which of the following best describes Durkheim’s sociological method?

(A) Emphasizing individual psychology

(B) Using data and social facts to study social phenomena

(D) Relying on biological causes

(B) Using data and social facts to study social phenomena

Explanation: Durkheim innovated in the use of statistical social data to study suicide.

92. Durkheim’s study of suicide is considered a milestone because it:

(A) Ignored societal influences

(B) Used empirical social data to understand a seemingly personal act

(D) Was purely philosophical

(B) Used empirical social data to understand a seemingly personal act

Explanation: The study established social causes impacting the individual decision to commit suicide.

93. Which type of suicide fits the example of a soldier who sacrifices life in battle?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Altruistic

(D) Fatalistic

(B) Altruistic

Explanation: Killing oneself for a social cause represents altruistic suicide.

94. Durkheim’s concept of "anomie" is most relevant to which social state?

(A) Social harmony

(B) Disintegration or breakdown of social norms

(D) High social integration

(B) Disintegration or breakdown of social norms

Explanation: Anomie describes a social condition of normlessness.

95. Which type of suicide involves individuals who feel trapped by oppressive rules?

(A) Egoistic

(B) Fatalistic

(D) Anomic

(B) Fatalistic

Explanation: Fatalistic suicide arises from overregulation and lack of freedom.

96. How did Durkheim view the relationship between suicide and social integration?

(A) Higher integration leads to higher suicide

(B) Lower integration can increase suicide risk

(D) Only individual characteristics matter

(B) Lower integration can increase suicide risk

Explanation: Weak social bonds result in an increased risk of suicide.

97. Which group showed the highest suicide rates in Durkheim’s data?

(A) Married men

(B) Unmarried men

(D) Children

(B) Unmarried men

Explanation: Unmarried men tend to have fewer social attachments and higher suicide rates.

98. Durkheim believed that the collective conscience is:

(A) An individual psychological state

(B) The shared values and beliefs of a society

(D) Only religious beliefs

(B) The shared values and beliefs of a society

Explanation: Collective conscience influences social norms and behaviours.

99. Altruistic suicide occurs mostly in societies with:

(A) Weak social ties

(B) Strong social cohesion and collective identity

(D) High social chaos

(B) Strong social cohesion and collective identity

Explanation: High integration and emphasis on group needs can lead to altruistic suicide.

100. What does Durkheim's theory suggest as a primary means of preventing suicide?

(A) Advanced medical treatment

(B) Enhancing social integration and moral regulation

(D) Ignoring social factors

(B) Enhancing social integration and moral regulation

Explanation: Strengthening social bonds and shared norms reduces societal suicide risk.

STPGT-Sociology_Émile Durkheim: Suicide

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