Social structure is characterized as the example of inter related
statuses and parts found in a society, constituting a moderately stable
arrangement of social relations. It is the sorted out example of the
inter related rights and obligations of people and groups in an system
of interaction. The social behavior of people is designed and gets
related with specific standards and qualities, which give them direction
in social connection. There develop different social units, for
example, groups, community, associations and institutions in society as a
result of social intercourse in human life.
Sociologists have delineated a number of significant criteria for
distinguishing the rural society from the urban society. In India also
the rural social structure can be compared from the urban one on the
basis of social composition of population, the cultural heritage, the
magnitude of material wealth, social stratification of the population,
demographic constitution, economy, social structure and the intensity
and variety of social contacts. In India, the village is the unit of
rural society. Rural people live in settled villages.
Three main types of settlement patterns have been observed in rural areas:
- The most common type is the nucleated village found all over the country. Here, a tight cluster of houses is surrounded by the fields of the villagers.
- Secondly, there are linear settlements in some parts of the country, e.g. in Kerala, in Konkan and in the delta lands of Bengal. In such settlements, .houses are strung out, each surrounded by its own compound. However, there is little to physically demarcate where one village ends and another begins.
- The third type of settlement is simply a ,scattering of homesteads or clusters of two or three houses. In this case also physical demarcation of villages is not clear. Such settlements are found in hill areas, in the Himalayan foothills, in the highlands of Gujarat and in the Satpura range of Maharashtra.
Traditional joint family was pre-dominant in the rustic culture in
India. Provincial family functions as the unit of monetary, cultural,
religious, and political exercises. Collectivity of the family is
underlined in social life, and sentiments of independence and individual
flexibility are extremely restricted. Marriage is viewed as a bury
familial issue instead of an entomb individual issue. It is represented
by principles of family relationship. Individuals of rustic India as a
rule marry inside the caste or sub-caste. Word related relationship of
caste has hardly changed in rustic territories. Brahmins may still work
as priests. What’s more, they have taken to farming. Landowning dominant
castes belonging to both upper and middle rung of caste hierarchy
generally work as supervisory farmers. Other non-landowning lower caste,
including little and minor workers, act as wage workers in farming.
Craftsman castes, namely, carpenters and iron-smith continue with their
traditional occupations. Be that as it may, relocation to urban regions
has empowered people from all positions including untouchables to go
into non-traditional occupation in industry, exchange and trade, and
services.
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