Violence Against Women

Semester – I Interdisciplinary SC 101-ID: Environment and Society

1. Which of the following is a primary cause of violence against women?

(A) Economic independence

(B) Gender inequality

(D) Legal protection

(B) Gender inequality

Explanation: Gender inequality is a significant root cause of violence against women. It stems from societal norms, attitudes, and practices that promote unequal power dynamics between men and women.

2. Which international document specifically focuses on the elimination of violence against women?

(A) Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(B) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

(D) Declaration of Human Rights

(B) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

Explanation: CEDAW is the primary international treaty aimed at ending discrimination against women, including violence. It calls for state parties to take actions to eliminate violence against women in all its forms.

3. Which form of violence involves physical harm inflicted by an intimate partner?

(A) Domestic violence

(B) Psychological abuse

(D) Human trafficking

(A) Domestic violence

Explanation: Domestic violence includes physical harm and abuse inflicted by an intimate partner, often within the home. It is a leading form of violence against women.

4. Which of the following laws protects women from domestic violence in India?

(A) Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005)

(B) Indian Penal Code (IPC)

(D) Maternity Benefit Act (1961)

(A) Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005)

Explanation: The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, was enacted to provide protection to women from domestic violence, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.

5. Which of the following is considered a form of sexual violence against women?

(A) Forced marriage

(B) Harassment at work

(D) Emotional abuse

Explanation: Rape is a severe form of sexual violence, where the victim is forced into sexual intercourse without consent, often by a perpetrator known to the victim.

6. What is the term used for violence directed towards women due to their gender?

(A) Sexual violence

(B) Gender-based violence

(D) Hate crime

(B) Gender-based violence

Explanation: Gender-based violence refers to harm inflicted on individuals based on their gender. Women, particularly, are more vulnerable to this form of violence.

7. Which group is most vulnerable to domestic violence?

(A) Elderly men

(B) Women and children

(D) Migrant workers

(B) Women and children

Explanation: Women and children are disproportionately affected by domestic violence, with women often suffering from physical and psychological abuse within the household.

8. What is the primary objective of the “#MeToo” movement?

(A) To encourage women to report workplace harassment

(B) To eliminate child marriage

(D) To raise awareness about sexual harassment and assault

Explanation: The #MeToo movement aims to raise awareness about sexual harassment and assault, particularly in the workplace, and empower survivors to speak out.

9. Which international body is responsible for promoting gender equality and empowering women worldwide?

(A) United Nations Women (UN Women)

(B) International Labour Organization (ILO)

(D) Amnesty International

(A) United Nations Women (UN Women)

Explanation: UN Women is dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women globally, including tackling violence against women.

10. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of gender-based violence?

(A) Physical injury

(B) Psychological trauma

(D) Economic hardship

Explanation: Gender-based violence typically leads to negative consequences such as physical injury, psychological trauma, and economic hardship, rather than improved social status.

11. Which of the following is a psychological effect of violence against women?

(A) Improved mental health

(B) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

(D) Greater social acceptance

(B) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Explanation: Psychological effects of violence against women often include PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other emotional disorders as a result of the trauma experienced.

12. In which year was the first "International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women" observed?

(A) 1990

(B) 1991

(D) 2000

(B) 1991

Explanation: The first "International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women" was observed on November 25, 1991, to raise awareness about the issue.

13. What is one of the primary forms of domestic violence that affects women globally?

(A) Economic violence

(B) Political violence

(D) Educational violence

(A) Economic violence

Explanation: Economic violence is a form of domestic abuse that involves controlling a woman's access to financial resources, often limiting her independence and ability to leave abusive situations.

14. Which of the following organizations works to end gender-based violence worldwide?

(A) World Health Organization (WHO)

(B) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

(D) International Red Cross

Explanation: UN Women is the global organization dedicated to advocating for gender equality, women's rights, and ending gender-based violence.

15. Which of the following is a legal measure that can be taken to prevent violence against women?

(A) Increasing the working hours for women

(B) Strengthening laws on sexual harassment in the workplace

(D) Lowering legal age of marriage

(B) Strengthening laws on sexual harassment in the workplace

Explanation: Strengthening laws on sexual harassment in the workplace helps to protect women from abusive behaviors, ensuring that they can work in a safe environment.

16. What does the "gender-neutral approach" often miss when addressing violence against women?

(A) Universal equality

(B) The unique impacts of gender-based violence on women

(D) Focus on male victims

(B) The unique impacts of gender-based violence on women

Explanation: The gender-neutral approach may overlook the specific, gendered nature of violence against women, failing to address how it disproportionately affects women in terms of physical, psychological, and social harm.

17. Which of the following forms of violence is most commonly reported in intimate partner violence cases?

(A) Physical violence

(B) Emotional or psychological violence

(D) Spiritual violence

(A) Physical violence

Explanation: Physical violence is the most commonly reported form in intimate partner violence cases, which includes actions such as hitting, slapping, and choking.

18. Which country implemented the "Violence Against Women Act" (VAWA) to address domestic violence and sexual assault?

(A) Canada

(B) United States

(D) Australia

(B) United States

Explanation: The United States passed the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) in 1994, aiming to provide services, support, and legal protection for women facing domestic violence and sexual assault.

19. Which of the following is an essential strategy in preventing violence against women?

(A) Education and awareness campaigns

(B) Encouraging women to stay silent

(D) Limiting women's freedom of movement

(A) Education and awareness campaigns

Explanation: Education and awareness campaigns help change attitudes, promote gender equality, and empower women to speak out against violence, playing a crucial role in its prevention.

20. Which of the following is a key principle outlined in the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women by the United Nations?

(A) Violence against women is a private matter

(B) Violence against women is a violation of human rights

(D) Violence against women is only a problem in certain cultures

(B) Violence against women is a violation of human rights

Explanation: The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women recognizes violence against women as a serious violation of human rights and calls for global action to address it.

21. Which of the following is a form of violence that affects women in the workplace?

(A) Rape

(B) Workplace harassment

(D) Forced marriage

(B) Workplace harassment

Explanation: Workplace harassment, including sexual harassment, is a form of violence that disproportionately affects women in the workplace, hindering their ability to work safely and with dignity.

22. What is one of the key challenges in addressing domestic violence against women?

(A) Lack of awareness among men

(B) Lack of legal protection for women

(D) Excessive government intervention

Explanation: Victim-blaming and societal stigma often prevent women from reporting domestic violence, as they may fear being blamed or ostracized by their communities.

23. Which country passed the Domestic Violence Act in 2005 to provide protection to women from domestic violence?

(A) India

(B) Canada

(D) Australia

(A) India

Explanation: The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, was enacted in India to protect women from domestic violence and ensure their safety and rights within the home.

24. Which of the following is a preventive measure to reduce violence against women in society?

(A) Promote gender stereotypes

(B) Educate people about gender equality

(D) Encourage silence around abuse

(B) Educate people about gender equality

Explanation: Education about gender equality and challenging traditional gender roles is crucial in reducing violence against women by addressing its root causes.

25. Which term refers to violence that occurs as a result of traditional cultural practices?

(A) Cultural violence

(B) Structural violence

(D) Institutional violence

(A) Cultural violence

Explanation: Cultural violence refers to violence that stems from societal norms, beliefs, and practices that justify and perpetuate gender-based violence, such as female genital mutilation or child marriage.

26. Which of the following is a consequence of human trafficking for women?

(A) Access to education

(B) Exploitation and abuse

(D) Improved social status

(B) Exploitation and abuse

Explanation: Human trafficking for women often results in exploitation, including sexual abuse, forced labor, and severe physical and emotional harm.

27. What is the primary goal of the global #EndVAW campaign?

(A) To decrease violence against women in specific countries

(B) To increase global awareness and end violence against women worldwide

(D) To build shelters for women

(B) To increase global awareness and end violence against women worldwide

Explanation: The #EndVAW campaign aims to raise global awareness about violence against women and to work toward its elimination through advocacy, policy change, and societal transformation.

28. What does the "cycle of abuse" in intimate partner violence typically involve?

(A) A brief period of violence followed by peace

(B) Perpetrators seeking counseling

(D) Violence followed by a permanent separation

Explanation: The cycle of abuse often includes a pattern of escalating violence followed by periods of remorse and apologies, which makes it difficult for victims to break free from the cycle.

29. Which United Nations resolution focuses on preventing and addressing violence against women and girls in conflict settings?

(A) UN Security Council Resolution 1325

(B) UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

(D) UN Sustainable Development Goals

(A) UN Security Council Resolution 1325

Explanation: UN Security Council Resolution 1325, adopted in 2000, focuses on the protection of women and girls in conflict situations, including preventing sexual violence and ensuring their participation in peace processes.

30. Which is a form of economic violence against women?

(A) Denying a woman access to her wages

(B) Harassment at work

(D) Child abuse

(A) Denying a woman access to her wages

Explanation: Economic violence includes actions that restrict a woman's financial independence, such as denying her access to wages or preventing her from working, which exacerbates her dependence on the abuser.

31. Which of the following is a common barrier to women reporting violence?

(A) Fear of retaliation from the abuser

(B) Support from family and community

(D) Strict laws against violence

(A) Fear of retaliation from the abuser

Explanation: Many women fear retaliation from their abusers, including further violence or threats, which often prevents them from reporting the abuse to authorities.

32. Which type of violence refers to forcing a woman into a marriage against her will?

(A) Domestic violence

(B) Sexual violence

(D) Emotional abuse

Explanation: Forced marriage is a type of violence where women are coerced into marriage against their will, often leading to physical and emotional harm.

33. Which form of violence is most likely to affect women in armed conflict situations?

(A) Economic violence

(B) Rape and sexual violence

(D) Workplace harassment

(B) Rape and sexual violence

Explanation: Women in conflict zones are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence, including rape, forced prostitution, and other forms of abuse, often used as a tool of war.

34. Which organization is responsible for publishing the "Global Database on Violence Against Women"?

(A) World Bank

(B) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

(D) Amnesty International

Explanation: WHO maintains the "Global Database on Violence Against Women," which provides valuable data on the prevalence and impact of violence against women worldwide.

35. What is a major health consequence of violence against women?

(A) Increased literacy rates

(B) Improved cardiovascular health

(D) Reduced risk of communicable diseases

Explanation: Women who experience violence often suffer from long-term health issues, such as chronic pain, mental health disorders, and other physical health problems.

36. Which of the following is a critical aspect of addressing gender-based violence globally?

(A) Increasing criminal penalties for abusers

(B) Providing education and awareness to men and boys

(D) Encouraging silence about the issue

(B) Providing education and awareness to men and boys

Explanation: Educating men and boys about gender equality, respectful relationships, and the harmful effects of violence is crucial for preventing violence against women.

37. What does the "domestic violence screening" process involve?

(A) Identifying perpetrators of violence

(B) Screening for signs of abuse in women and children

(D) Measuring emotional intelligence in individuals

(B) Screening for signs of abuse in women and children

Explanation: Domestic violence screening involves healthcare providers, social workers, or law enforcement identifying signs of abuse in women and children to ensure they receive the support they need.

38. Which cultural practice is a form of gender-based violence that disproportionately affects women in some societies?

(A) Equal inheritance rights

(B) Female genital mutilation (FGM)

(D) Gender-neutral parenting

(B) Female genital mutilation (FGM)

Explanation: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful cultural practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, often leading to long-term physical and psychological harm.

39. Which of the following is a policy recommendation to reduce intimate partner violence?

(A) Disbanding women's rights organizations

(B) Increasing support services for victims of abuse

(D) Limiting access to legal protections for women

(B) Increasing support services for victims of abuse

Explanation: Providing adequate support services such as shelters, legal aid, and counseling for victims of intimate partner violence is crucial for helping them escape abusive situations and rebuild their lives.

40. What role does the media play in combating violence against women?

(A) Promoting harmful stereotypes about women

(B) Sensationalizing violence for ratings

(D) Ignoring the issue to maintain peace

Explanation: The media can play a powerful role in combating violence against women by raising awareness, challenging harmful stereotypes, and advocating for legal and societal changes to protect women.

41. Which of the following is an example of "psychological violence" against women?

(A) Physical assault

(B) Threatening and belittling a woman

(D) Denying access to resources

(B) Threatening and belittling a woman

Explanation: Psychological violence involves actions such as threats, belittling, humiliation, and controlling behaviors that cause emotional and mental harm to the victim.

42. What is the primary focus of the "HeForShe" campaign?

(A) To empower women to become leaders

(B) To raise awareness about men's role in ending gender-based violence

(D) To provide shelter for domestic violence survivors

(B) To raise awareness about men's role in ending gender-based violence

Explanation: HeForShe is a global campaign that encourages men and boys to take action against gender inequality and violence, emphasizing their role in creating a safer, more equitable world for women.

43. Which of the following is a form of "sexual violence" against women?

(A) Forced prostitution

(B) Psychological manipulation

(D) Verbal abuse

(A) Forced prostitution

Explanation: Forced prostitution is a form of sexual violence, where women are coerced into sex work against their will, often facing severe physical and emotional abuse.

44. What is one of the challenges faced by women fleeing domestic violence?

(A) Financial independence

(B) Access to safe housing and legal protection

(D) Access to education

(B) Access to safe housing and legal protection

Explanation: One of the significant challenges for women fleeing domestic violence is finding safe housing and legal protection, which often leaves them vulnerable to further harm.

45. Which international framework emphasizes the elimination of violence against women as part of the human rights agenda?

(A) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(B) The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

(D) The Convention on the Rights of the Child

(B) The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Explanation: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly Goal 5 (Gender Equality), calls for the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls as part of global efforts to ensure equality and peace.

46. What role do health professionals play in addressing violence against women?

(A) Reporting the violence to law enforcement without the victim’s consent

(B) Providing medical care and psychological support

(D) Ignoring signs of violence to protect patient confidentiality

(B) Providing medical care and psychological support

Explanation: Health professionals play a crucial role in providing care to victims of violence, including physical treatment, mental health support, and connecting women with resources like shelters and legal services.

47. Which of the following is a legal measure to protect women from domestic violence in many countries?

(A) Preventing women from obtaining a divorce

(B) Issuing protection orders or restraining orders

(D) Allowing abusers to retain custody of children

(B) Issuing protection orders or restraining orders

Explanation: Protection orders or restraining orders are legal tools that can help protect women from further harm by preventing the abuser from contacting or approaching them.

48. Which of the following is considered a form of "economic violence" against women?

(A) Preventing a woman from accessing financial resources

(B) Physical assault

(D) Forced labor

(A) Preventing a woman from accessing financial resources

Explanation: Economic violence occurs when a woman is denied access to financial resources, which limits her ability to leave an abusive situation or support herself and her children.

49. Which of the following is a global campaign aimed at ending violence against women?

(A) #MeToo

(B) #SaveOurChildren

(D) #YouthForClimate

(A) #MeToo

Explanation: The #MeToo movement is a global campaign that aims to raise awareness about the prevalence of sexual harassment and violence, empowering survivors to speak out and demand accountability.

50. What is one of the key components of an effective domestic violence prevention program?

(A) Disbanding women's support groups

(B) Community education and awareness on the consequences of abuse

(D) Discouraging reporting of violence to authorities

(B) Community education and awareness on the consequences of abuse

Explanation: Effective domestic violence prevention programs focus on educating communities about the consequences of abuse, promoting healthy relationships, and providing resources to support victims.

51. What is a common feature of "honor-based" violence against women?

(A) Women are punished for perceived dishonor brought to their families

(B) Women are empowered to make decisions freely

(D) Women are equally involved in all family decisions

(A) Women are punished for perceived dishonor brought to their families

Explanation: Honor-based violence often involves punishing women for actions perceived as dishonoring their family or community, such as engaging in relationships outside traditional norms.

52. Which of the following is a form of gender-based violence that can occur in schools?

(A) Bullying and harassment

(B) Forced marriage

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Gender-based violence in schools includes bullying, harassment, sexual exploitation, and forced marriage, all of which disproportionately affect female students.

53. Which of the following is one of the main reasons for underreporting violence against women?

(A) Lack of education about women's rights

(B) Fear of retaliation from the abuser

(D) All of the above

(B) Fear of retaliation from the abuser

Explanation: Many women are afraid of retaliation from the abuser, such as further violence or threats, which is a primary reason they do not report violence.

54. Which of the following is an example of institutional violence against women?

(A) Denial of access to healthcare for women

(B) Workplace sexual harassment

(D) Forced marriage

(A) Denial of access to healthcare for women

Explanation: Institutional violence involves actions by institutions or systems that perpetuate gender-based discrimination, such as denying women access to healthcare or justice.

55. Which law in India addresses sexual harassment in the workplace?

(A) Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005)

(B) Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act (2013)

(D) Maternity Benefit Act (1961)

(B) Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act (2013)

Explanation: The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, was passed in India to provide a legal framework for preventing and addressing sexual harassment at work.

56. What is a key factor in ending the cycle of domestic violence?

(A) Increasing tolerance of abuse

(B) Providing support and resources for victims to escape the abuse

(D) Discouraging legal intervention

(B) Providing support and resources for victims to escape the abuse

Explanation: Providing access to resources such as shelters, legal aid, and counseling helps victims of domestic violence escape the abusive relationship and rebuild their lives.

57. Which of the following is considered an act of "cyber violence" against women?

(A) Sending threatening messages online

(B) Posting intimate images without consent

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Cyber violence includes behaviors such as online stalking, sending threatening messages, and non-consensual sharing of intimate images, all of which disproportionately affect women.

58. What is the term used for the practice of marrying off girls before the legal age of consent?

(A) Domestic violence

(B) Child marriage

(D) Forced labor

(B) Child marriage

Explanation: Child marriage is a harmful traditional practice where girls are married off before reaching the legal age of consent, often resulting in serious health and social consequences for the girls involved.

59. Which of the following is a potential consequence of female genital mutilation (FGM)?

(A) Increased social acceptance

(B) Long-term health complications

(D) Reduced risk of sexual assault

(B) Long-term health complications

Explanation: Female genital mutilation (FGM) can lead to severe long-term health complications, including infections, infertility, complications during childbirth, and psychological trauma.

60. Which of the following is a key strategy in preventing violence against women in conflict zones?

(A) Rebuilding economic infrastructure

(B) Increasing the participation of women in peacebuilding

(D) Enforcing stricter dress codes

(B) Increasing the participation of women in peacebuilding

Explanation: Increasing women's participation in peacebuilding and conflict resolution processes is crucial in preventing violence and ensuring that the needs and rights of women are addressed in conflict zones.

61. What is the impact of violence against women on children's well-being?

(A) It has no effect on children

(B) It increases their resilience and coping skills

(D) It promotes better academic performance

Explanation: Children who witness or experience violence against women are at risk of developing emotional and behavioral problems, such as anxiety, depression, and aggression.

62. Which of the following international conventions addresses gender-based violence in the context of migration?

(A) CEDAW

(B) Istanbul Convention

(D) Refugee Convention

(B) Istanbul Convention

Explanation: The Istanbul Convention, also known as the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, includes provisions to protect migrant women from gender-based violence.

63. What is the primary reason women stay in abusive relationships?

(A) Fear of loneliness

(B) Economic dependence and lack of resources

(D) Social pressure to maintain the family

(B) Economic dependence and lack of resources

Explanation: Many women remain in abusive relationships due to financial dependence, lack of housing, and limited resources to support themselves and their children after leaving the abuser.

64. Which of the following is a key aspect of prevention programs for gender-based violence?

(A) Increasing public awareness of gender inequality

(B) Encouraging women to stay in abusive relationships

(D) Decreasing access to legal support

(A) Increasing public awareness of gender inequality

Explanation: Prevention programs often focus on increasing public awareness about gender inequality and the harmful effects of violence, helping to change societal attitudes and reduce the occurrence of violence.

65. What is the term used for the use of violence to control a woman's sexuality and reproductive rights?

(A) Sexual violence

(B) Reproductive coercion

(D) Psychological violence

(B) Reproductive coercion

Explanation: Reproductive coercion involves controlling or manipulating a woman's reproductive rights, such as forcing pregnancy or preventing contraception, often as a form of violence in intimate relationships.

66. What does the "Dublin Declaration" focus on in relation to gender-based violence?

(A) Promoting economic empowerment for women

(B) Combatting violence against women in conflict zones

(D) Encouraging men to speak out against violence

Explanation: The Dublin Declaration emphasizes the need for strengthened legal frameworks to protect women from violence and ensure their access to justice, services, and support.

67. What is the main reason behind the high prevalence of domestic violence in rural areas?

(A) Increased access to education

(B) Lack of awareness about legal rights

(D) Access to better health services

(B) Lack of awareness about legal rights

Explanation: In rural areas, a lack of awareness about legal protections and limited access to support services often contributes to higher rates of domestic violence.

68. Which of the following is a key strategy to end violence against women in the workplace?

(A) Promote gender equality and provide anti-harassment training

(B) Encourage silence and tolerance of harassment

(D) Discourage reporting of harassment to authorities

(A) Promote gender equality and provide anti-harassment training

Explanation: Promoting gender equality and providing comprehensive anti-harassment training for all employees can help create a safer, more inclusive workplace and reduce the occurrence of workplace violence against women.

69. What is the role of bystanders in preventing violence against women?

(A) They should ignore the situation to avoid conflict

(B) They should intervene or report violence when safe to do so

(D) They should support the abuser

(B) They should intervene or report violence when safe to do so

Explanation: Bystanders can play a critical role in preventing violence against women by intervening safely or reporting the violence to authorities, helping to stop the abuse and protect the victim.

70. Which of the following is a form of violence against women that affects their sexual and reproductive health?

(A) Early or forced marriage

(B) Workplace harassment

(D) Verbal abuse

(A) Early or forced marriage

Explanation: Early or forced marriage can have significant negative effects on women's sexual and reproductive health, including complications in childbirth, limited access to education, and lack of control over reproductive decisions.

71. Which of the following is a form of violence that specifically targets women for breaking traditional gender roles?

(A) Domestic violence

(B) Gender-based violence

(D) Racial violence

(B) Gender-based violence

Explanation: Gender-based violence specifically targets women and girls based on their gender, and it often occurs as a result of societal norms that punish women for stepping outside traditional gender roles.

72. What does the term "femicide" refer to?

(A) Female genital mutilation

(B) The killing of women because of their gender

(D) Economic violence against women

(B) The killing of women because of their gender

Explanation: Femicide refers to the gender-based killing of women, often due to gender inequality, misogyny, or the perception that women are inferior or less valuable.

73. Which of the following is NOT a barrier to accessing justice for women facing violence?

(A) Lack of legal knowledge

(B) Gender stereotypes in the legal system

(D) Fear of social stigma

Explanation: Strong family support can empower women to seek justice. In contrast, a lack of legal knowledge, gender stereotypes in the legal system, and fear of social stigma often prevent women from accessing justice.

74. What is a key feature of trauma-informed care for survivors of violence against women?

(A) Focusing solely on physical injuries

(B) Ignoring the psychological effects of violence

(D) Prioritizing law enforcement intervention

Explanation: Trauma-informed care involves creating a supportive environment that acknowledges the trauma survivors have experienced, helping them to heal both physically and psychologically without re-traumatizing them.

75. Which of the following is an important international mechanism to combat violence against women?

(A) International Monetary Fund (IMF)

(B) United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)

(D) World Trade Organization (WTO)

(B) United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)

Explanation: UN Women is a key international organization dedicated to promoting gender equality and empowering women, and it works to combat violence against women globally.

76. What is the significance of "safe spaces" for women affected by violence?

(A) They provide opportunities for victims to continue facing their abusers

(B) They offer a confidential, supportive environment for survivors

(D) They focus only on legal action

(B) They offer a confidential, supportive environment for survivors

Explanation: Safe spaces provide a secure, confidential environment where survivors of violence can receive support, therapy, and resources to help them escape abuse and rebuild their lives.

77. What does the term "sexual harassment" in the workplace typically include?

(A) Verbal abuse and physical contact

(B) Harassing comments, gestures, or physical advances

(D) Employment discrimination based on gender

(B) Harassing comments, gestures, or physical advances

Explanation: Sexual harassment in the workplace includes unwelcome comments, gestures, or physical advances that create a hostile work environment for the victim.

78. Which of the following is a common form of violence against women in post-conflict settings?

(A) Forced sterilization

(B) Sexual violence, including rape and trafficking

(D) Economic violence

(B) Sexual violence, including rape and trafficking

Explanation: In post-conflict settings, women are often subjected to sexual violence, including rape and trafficking, as a weapon of war or during the instability following a conflict.

79. Which of the following is a key challenge in preventing domestic violence in rural areas?

(A) Limited access to legal services and support systems

(B) Overabundance of support services

(D) Strong enforcement of laws

(A) Limited access to legal services and support systems

Explanation: In rural areas, women often face barriers such as limited access to legal services, shelters, and support systems, which makes it difficult for them to escape and report domestic violence.

80. What role does gender-based violence play in the broader context of social inequality?

(A) It reinforces social equality between men and women

(B) It exacerbates existing inequalities between genders

(D) It has no impact on social inequality

(B) It exacerbates existing inequalities between genders

Explanation: Gender-based violence is both a cause and consequence of gender inequality, reinforcing societal power imbalances and perpetuating disadvantages for women in various spheres of life.

81. What is one of the long-term psychological effects of violence against women?

(A) Increased happiness and social connection

(B) Chronic depression and anxiety

(D) Decreased stress levels

(B) Chronic depression and anxiety

Explanation: Long-term psychological effects of violence against women often include chronic depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other mental health issues due to trauma.

82. Which of the following is a primary factor that contributes to the underreporting of sexual violence?

(A) Supportive legal framework

(B) Fear of not being believed or blamed

(D) Strong media coverage

(B) Fear of not being believed or blamed

Explanation: Many survivors of sexual violence fear they will not be believed or will be blamed for the assault, which contributes to underreporting of these crimes.

83. Which of the following is a common legal remedy for victims of domestic violence?

(A) Divorce without asset division

(B) Protection orders or restraining orders

(D) Property confiscation

(B) Protection orders or restraining orders

Explanation: Protection orders or restraining orders are legal tools that can prevent an abuser from contacting or approaching the victim, providing them with safety and legal protection.

84. What does the term "victim-blaming" refer to in the context of violence against women?

(A) Holding the perpetrator accountable

(B) Accusing the victim of provoking the violence

(D) Providing legal aid to the victim

(B) Accusing the victim of provoking the violence

Explanation: Victim-blaming occurs when the victim of violence is held responsible for the abuse they experienced, often questioning their actions or behavior as the cause of the violence.

85. Which of the following is an example of "economic violence" against women?

(A) Preventing a woman from accessing financial resources

(B) Physical assault

(D) Restricting social interactions

(A) Preventing a woman from accessing financial resources

Explanation: Economic violence involves controlling a woman's access to financial resources, which limits her ability to leave an abusive relationship or be financially independent.

86. What is the significance of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women (November 25)?

(A) It celebrates women's rights globally

(B) It commemorates the birth of a feminist leader

(D) It is a national holiday for women’s empowerment

Explanation: The International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women on November 25th is observed globally to raise awareness and call for actions to end gender-based violence.

87. Which of the following is a form of violence against women that occurs in relationships based on a power imbalance?

(A) Economic violence

(B) Domestic violence

(D) Street harassment

(B) Domestic violence

Explanation: Domestic violence occurs within relationships where there is a significant power imbalance, often involving physical, emotional, or sexual abuse to control the victim.

88. What is a significant consequence of violence against women on society as a whole?

(A) Increased social cohesion and harmony

(B) Economic costs due to lost productivity and healthcare expenses

(D) Improved social status for women

(B) Economic costs due to lost productivity and healthcare expenses

Explanation: Violence against women leads to significant economic costs, including lost productivity due to physical or psychological trauma, as well as healthcare and legal expenses.

89. Which international treaty specifically aims to combat violence against women and promote their rights?

(A) CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women)

(B) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(D) Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(A) CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women)

Explanation: CEDAW is an international treaty that focuses on eliminating discrimination against women in all spheres of life, including protection from violence and ensuring access to justice.

90. What is the role of community-based organizations in combating violence against women?

(A) To perpetuate gender inequality

(B) To support and empower survivors through services and advocacy

(D) To isolate women from social support networks

(B) To support and empower survivors through services and advocacy

Explanation: Community-based organizations provide crucial support services such as counseling, legal aid, shelters, and advocacy to empower women survivors and promote their safety and rights.

91. Which of the following is a key factor that perpetuates violence against women in many societies?

(A) Gender equality in political representation

(B) Traditional gender roles and patriarchal systems

(D) Women's financial independence

(B) Traditional gender roles and patriarchal systems

Explanation: Traditional gender roles and patriarchal systems often place women in subordinate positions, which can perpetuate violence by justifying or normalizing male dominance and control over women.

92. Which of the following is a major barrier to women reporting domestic violence in many countries?

(A) Fear of not being believed or being blamed

(B) High levels of government intervention

(D) Access to immediate legal assistance

(A) Fear of not being believed or being blamed

Explanation: Many women fear that they will not be believed or that they will be blamed for the violence, which often prevents them from reporting domestic abuse to authorities.

93. Which international convention specifically addresses violence against women in conflict situations?

(A) The Geneva Conventions

(B) UN Security Council Resolution 1325

(D) The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

(B) UN Security Council Resolution 1325

Explanation: UN Security Council Resolution 1325 focuses on the protection of women and girls in conflict situations, addressing sexual violence and promoting their participation in peace processes.

94. What does the term "reproductive coercion" refer to in the context of violence against women?

(A) Preventing women from accessing reproductive healthcare

(B) Forcing women to have children

(D) Providing women with contraception

Explanation: Reproductive coercion involves controlling or manipulating a woman's reproductive choices, such as forcing her into pregnancy or preventing her from using contraception, often as a form of abuse.

95. Which of the following is a fundamental principle of the "Istanbul Convention" on violence against women?

(A) Gender-based violence should be tolerated in certain circumstances

(B) Violence against women is a public issue and must be addressed by the state

(D) Legal measures against domestic violence should be weakened

(B) Violence against women is a public issue and must be addressed by the state

Explanation: The Istanbul Convention emphasizes that violence against women is a public issue that requires state responsibility to protect women and girls, prevent violence, and ensure justice for survivors.

96. Which of the following is a primary cause of sexual violence against women in conflict zones?

(A) Women's participation in armed forces

(B) The breakdown of law and order during conflict

(D) The availability of education during conflict

(B) The breakdown of law and order during conflict

Explanation: The breakdown of law and order during conflicts often leads to increased sexual violence against women, with perpetrators taking advantage of the absence of legal frameworks and protections.

97. What is one of the most common reasons that women remain in abusive relationships?

(A) Financial dependence and lack of resources

(B) Desire to increase family income

(D) Access to mental health care

(A) Financial dependence and lack of resources

Explanation: Financial dependence and lack of resources often make it difficult for women to leave abusive relationships, as they may not have the means to support themselves or their children independently.

98. Which of the following is NOT a form of sexual violence?

(A) Rape

(B) Forced prostitution

(D) Emotional manipulation

Explanation: Emotional manipulation, while harmful, is not classified as a form of sexual violence. Rape, forced prostitution, and workplace harassment are all forms of sexual violence.

99. Which of the following is a recommended strategy to address domestic violence in the workplace?

(A) Encourage women to tolerate abusive behavior

(B) Implement clear workplace policies and support systems for survivors

(D) Prevent women from reporting violence to maintain workplace harmony

(B) Implement clear workplace policies and support systems for survivors

Explanation: Workplaces should have clear policies against violence, including support systems like counseling and safety measures for survivors, to create a safe environment for all employees.

100. What role does public awareness play in the prevention of violence against women?

(A) It reinforces societal acceptance of violence

(B) It helps challenge stereotypes and promotes gender equality

(D) It discourages reporting of violence

(B) It helps challenge stereotypes and promotes gender equality

Explanation: Public awareness campaigns challenge harmful stereotypes and promote gender equality, helping to prevent violence against women and empowering individuals to take action against abuse.

Violence Against Women

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