STPGT-Sociology_Kinship: Concept, Types, Rules of Descent and Usages

Model MCQ's Kinship

Kinship: Concept, Types, Rules of Descent and Usages

1. What does the term "kinship" refer to in sociology?

(A) The relationship between a person and their workplace

(B) The social bonds and relationships based on family connections

(D) The relationship between a person and their community

(B) The social bonds and relationships based on family connections

Explanation: Kinship refers to the relationships and social bonds that are formed by blood, marriage, or other family ties. These bonds define roles and expectations in a society.

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of kinship system?

(A) Descent kinship

(B) Affinal kinship

(D) Economic kinship

Explanation: Economic kinship is not a recognized type of kinship. The main types are descent, affinal, and consanguineal kinships.

3. Which rule of descent traces kinship through the father’s lineage?

(A) Bilateral descent

(B) Patrilineal descent

(D) Unilineal descent

(B) Patrilineal descent

Explanation: Patrilineal descent traces kinship through the father's side of the family, whereas matrilineal descent traces it through the mother’s side.

4. The concept of "consanguinity" in kinship refers to:

(A) Kinship relations through marriage

(B) Kinship relations through blood

(D) Kinship relations through legal adoption

(B) Kinship relations through blood

Explanation: Consanguinity refers to kinship relations based on common ancestry or blood ties, distinguishing it from affinal kinship (based on marriage).

5. Which of the following is a primary usage of kinship in society?

(A) To determine social status

(B) To regulate inheritance and property ownership

(D) To establish trade agreements

(B) To regulate inheritance and property ownership

Explanation: Kinship systems often regulate inheritance, property ownership, and other aspects of family structure, ensuring the passage of resources through generations.

6. Which of the following terms refers to the social group formed by people related by marriage?

(A) Consanguineal kinship

(B) Affinal kinship

(D) Linear kinship

(B) Affinal kinship

Explanation: Affinal kinship refers to the relationships established by marriage, including in-laws and other relations through marriage.

7. A society where inheritance is passed through the mother’s side of the family is practicing:

(A) Patrilineal descent

(B) Matrilineal descent

(D) Avunculocal residence

(B) Matrilineal descent

Explanation: Matrilineal descent traces inheritance and kinship through the mother’s line, as opposed to patrilineal descent, which traces it through the father’s line.

8. A group of people who trace their common ancestry through both the mother’s and father’s sides of the family is called:

(A) Unilineal descent group

(B) Bilateral descent group

(D) Clan group

(B) Bilateral descent group

Explanation: A bilateral descent group traces kinship through both the maternal and paternal lines, common in many modern societies.

9. In a matrilineal descent system, who typically holds the primary role in inheritance?

(A) The eldest son

(B) The mother’s brother

(D) The eldest daughter

(B) The mother’s brother

Explanation: In matrilineal societies, inheritance often passes through the mother's side, and the mother's brother may play a significant role in managing property or wealth.

10. The "Avunculocal" residence pattern is typically associated with:

(A) Matrilineal descent

(B) Patrilineal descent

(D) Unilineal descent

(A) Matrilineal descent

Explanation: Avunculocal residence refers to the custom where a newlywed couple lives with the husband's maternal uncle, often seen in matrilineal societies.

11. What is the primary function of kinship ties in most societies?

(A) To create economic relations

(B) To govern political structures

(D) To regulate the legal system

Explanation: Kinship ties primarily form social bonds and provide support structures within societies, including emotional, social, and economic aid among family members.

12. What does the term "clan" refer to in kinship studies?

(A) A family group based on a single ancestor

(B) A group of related families, often with a shared mythical ancestor

(D) A group defined by political leadership

(B) A group of related families, often with a shared mythical ancestor

Explanation: A clan is a larger kinship group that often includes multiple families, and its members trace their common ancestry to a shared mythical or historical ancestor.

13. The principle of bilateral descent can be observed in:

(A) Patrilineal societies

(B) Matrilineal societies

(D) Societies that practice polygyny

Explanation: In modern industrial societies, kinship is often traced bilaterally, meaning both the maternal and paternal sides of the family are recognized equally.

14. A key difference between "affinal" and "consanguineal" kinship is:

(A) Affinal kinship is through marriage, consanguineal kinship is through blood

(B) Affinal kinship is formed by legal adoption, consanguineal kinship is by birth

(D) There is no difference between the two

(A) Affinal kinship is through marriage, consanguineal kinship is through blood

Explanation: Affinal kinship refers to relations formed through marriage, such as in-laws, while consanguineal kinship refers to relations by blood, such as parents and children.

15. A "patrilocal" residence pattern means that:

(A) The couple lives with the wife’s family

(B) The couple lives with the husband’s family

(D) The wife moves to her mother’s home

(B) The couple lives with the husband’s family

Explanation: In patrilocal societies, the newlywed couple typically resides with or near the husband’s family after marriage, which is common in patrilineal cultures.

16. Which of the following is a function of kinship in many societies?

(A) To regulate religious practices

(B) To establish trade and political relations

(D) To define national identity

Explanation: Kinship plays a significant role in regulating various aspects of life, including marriage, inheritance, and the care of children within a family.

17. A "matrilocal" residence pattern means that:

(A) The couple lives with the wife’s family

(B) The couple lives with the husband’s family

(D) The couple moves to the husband's family’s ancestral land

(A) The couple lives with the wife’s family

Explanation: Matrilocal residence refers to the custom where the husband moves to live with or near the wife’s family after marriage, often seen in matrilineal societies.

18. Kinship terms used to describe family members, such as "mother," "father," and "uncle," are:

(A) Social labels

(B) Kinship categories

(D) Cultural symbols

(B) Kinship categories

Explanation: Kinship terms like "mother," "father," and "uncle" are part of the kinship categories that define family relationships and roles in society.

19. The practice of "cross-cousin" marriage occurs when:

(A) A man marries his father's sister's daughter

(B) A man marries his mother's brother's daughter

(D) A woman marries her mother's sister’s son

(B) A man marries his mother's brother's daughter

Explanation: In cross-cousin marriage, a person marries the child of their parent's opposite-sex sibling. It is practiced in some cultures to strengthen alliances between different family groups.

20. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a matrilineal society?

(A) Inheritance is passed through the mother’s side

(B) The father plays a significant role in the family’s decisions

(D) The maternal uncle often has a central role in the family

(B) The father plays a significant role in the family’s decisions

Explanation: In matrilineal societies, the family structure is centered around the mother’s side, and the father typically has a less central role in family decisions compared to the mother’s brother.

21. Which of the following kinship patterns involves the practice of both parents contributing to the family's wealth?

(A) Patrilocal

(B) Matrilocal

(D) Nuclear family

Explanation: In bilateral descent, wealth and family resources may be inherited from both the maternal and paternal sides, ensuring contributions from both parents to the family's wealth.

22. Kinship systems in many societies regulate the rules of marriage. Which of the following types of marriage is most common in societies with a patrilineal descent system?

(A) Monogamy

(B) Polygyny

(D) Exogamy

(B) Polygyny

Explanation: In societies with patrilineal descent, polygyny, where one man marries multiple women, is often the most common form of marriage due to the importance of male lineage and inheritance.

23. The term "endogamy" refers to:

(A) Marrying within a specific social group

(B) Marrying outside one’s family group

(D) Marrying multiple spouses

(A) Marrying within a specific social group

Explanation: Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within a specific social group, community, or cultural group, often to preserve cultural norms or maintain social cohesion.

24. Which rule of descent traces kinship exclusively through the father's line?

(A) Bilateral descent

(B) Patrilineal descent

(D) Ambilineal descent

(B) Patrilineal descent

Explanation: Patrilineal descent traces kinship and inheritance through the father’s lineage, as opposed to matrilineal descent, which traces it through the mother’s lineage.

25. In kinship terms, "parallel cousins" refer to:

(A) The children of a parent's same-sex sibling

(B) The children of a parent's opposite-sex sibling

(D) The children of distant relatives

(A) The children of a parent's same-sex sibling

Explanation: Parallel cousins are the children of a parent’s same-sex sibling, such as the children of a father’s brother or a mother’s sister.

26. The concept of "descent group" refers to:

(A) A group of people who share a common ancestor

(B) A group of people linked by marriage

(D) A group of people living in the same village

(A) A group of people who share a common ancestor

Explanation: A descent group is a kinship group that traces its lineage to a common ancestor. These groups are important in regulating inheritance and social roles.

27. The term "kinship terminology" refers to:

(A) The legal system for defining family relationships

(B) The language used to describe kin relationships

(D) The rules for naming children

(B) The language used to describe kin relationships

Explanation: Kinship terminology refers to the system of words or terms used to describe various family relationships, such as mother, father, cousin, etc., which may vary across different cultures.

28. The "levirate" marriage practice involves:

(A) A woman marrying her deceased husband's brother

(B) A man marrying his deceased wife’s sister

(D) A woman marrying her cousin

(A) A woman marrying her deceased husband's brother

Explanation: The levirate is a marriage practice in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband, often to preserve family lineage and provide care for the widow.

29. What is the term for a family that includes parents and their children living together in a single household?

(A) Extended family

(B) Nuclear family

(D) Polygamous family

(B) Nuclear family

Explanation: A nuclear family consists of parents and their children living together in one household, as opposed to an extended family, which includes additional relatives like grandparents or uncles.

30. The term "matrilineal" refers to kinship systems that:

(A) Trace ancestry and inheritance through the father’s side

(B) Trace ancestry and inheritance through the mother’s side

(D) Do not trace ancestry at all

(B) Trace ancestry and inheritance through the mother’s side

Explanation: In matrilineal societies, lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother’s side, with the family structure often focusing on the female line.

31. Which of the following describes the "patrilocal" residence pattern?

(A) The couple lives with the wife's family

(B) The couple lives with the husband's family

(D) The couple lives in a communal home

(B) The couple lives with the husband's family

Explanation: In patrilocal societies, the couple resides with or near the husband's family after marriage, a common practice in patrilineal societies.

32. The "polygyny" marriage practice refers to:

(A) A man marrying multiple women

(B) A woman marrying multiple men

(D) A man marrying a widow

(A) A man marrying multiple women

Explanation: Polygyny is the practice of one man having multiple wives. It is common in patrilineal and patriarchal societies.

33. "Matrilocal" residence means that:

(A) The couple lives with the husband’s family

(B) The couple lives with the wife’s family

(D) The couple lives in a shared communal space

(B) The couple lives with the wife’s family

Explanation: In matrilocal societies, the newlywed couple lives with or near the wife’s family, a custom often associated with matrilineal descent.

34. Which of the following best defines the term "exogamy"?

(A) Marrying within a specific social group

(B) Marrying outside one's social, ethnic, or cultural group

(D) Marrying a person from one's extended family

(B) Marrying outside one's social, ethnic, or cultural group

Explanation: Exogamy refers to the practice of marrying outside of one’s social, ethnic, or cultural group, promoting social integration and diversity.

35. Which of the following is true about "unilineal descent" systems?

(A) Kinship is traced through both the father’s and mother’s sides equally

(B) Kinship is traced through either the father’s or the mother’s side

(D) Kinship is based on the spouse’s side

(B) Kinship is traced through either the father’s or the mother’s side

Explanation: In unilineal descent, kinship is traced through one side only: either the paternal (patrilineal) or maternal (matrilineal) line, not both.

36. The term "patrilineage" refers to:

(A) A family that traces its lineage through the father’s side

(B) A family that traces its lineage through the mother’s side

(D) A family that does not trace its lineage

(A) A family that traces its lineage through the father’s side

Explanation: Patrilineage refers to a kinship system where lineage and inheritance are passed down through the father’s side of the family.

37. "Cross-cousin marriage" typically involves:

(A) Marrying the child of the opposite-sex sibling

(B) Marrying the child of the same-sex sibling

(D) Marrying the child of a parent's cousin

(A) Marrying the child of the opposite-sex sibling

Explanation: Cross-cousin marriage involves marrying the child of the opposite-sex sibling (mother’s brother’s child or father’s sister’s child), a practice common in some societies.

38. What is the primary feature of a "nuclear family"?

(A) It includes only parents and children

(B) It includes extended family members

(D) It includes only the parents

(A) It includes only parents and children

Explanation: A nuclear family consists of two parents and their children living together in one household, distinguishing it from extended families which include additional relatives.

39. Which of the following kinship systems recognizes both maternal and paternal sides equally?

(A) Patrilineal descent

(B) Matrilineal descent

(D) Avunculocal residence

Explanation: Bilateral descent involves recognizing and tracing kinship through both the maternal and paternal sides of the family equally.

40. A "descent group" in kinship studies refers to:

(A) A group of people related by blood or marriage

(B) A group of people who share a common ancestor

(D) A group of people involved in religious practices

(B) A group of people who share a common ancestor

Explanation: A descent group refers to a kinship group whose members trace their lineage to a common ancestor, and it is important in the inheritance of property and roles within society.

41. The practice of "sororate" marriage involves:

(A) A woman marrying her deceased husband's brother

(B) A man marrying his deceased wife’s sister

(D) A man marrying his mother’s sister

(B) A man marrying his deceased wife’s sister

Explanation: Sororate marriage refers to a practice where a man marries his deceased wife’s sister, often to provide care for the widow and maintain family alliances.

42. The term "bilateral kinship" refers to:

(A) Tracing ancestry through both the father’s and the mother’s side

(B) Tracing ancestry exclusively through the father’s side

(D) Tracing ancestry through one’s spouse’s side

(A) Tracing ancestry through both the father’s and the mother’s side

Explanation: Bilateral kinship refers to the tracing of lineage and inheritance through both the paternal and maternal lines.

43. A "lineage" in kinship studies is defined as:

(A) A group of people who share a common cultural identity

(B) A group of people who share a common occupation

(D) A group of people related by marriage

Explanation: A lineage group traces its ancestry back to a common ancestor and typically follows one line of descent, either paternal or maternal.

44. The "ego" in kinship diagrams refers to:

(A) The central person whose relationships are being mapped

(B) A person’s spouse

(D) A person’s sibling

(A) The central person whose relationships are being mapped

Explanation: In kinship diagrams, "ego" is the central person whose family relationships are being traced and mapped out in the diagram.

45. Which of the following is a feature of "polyandry"?

(A) One woman marries multiple men

(B) One man marries multiple women

(D) One woman marries only one man

(A) One woman marries multiple men

Explanation: Polyandry is a marriage system in which one woman marries multiple men, often practiced in some Tibetan and Nepalese cultures to limit population growth and keep family property intact.

46. Which of the following terms is used to describe a kinship group whose members do not trace their ancestry through a single ancestor but through a broader connection?

(A) Clan

(B) Lineage

(D) Family

(A) Clan

Explanation: A clan is a kinship group that does not trace descent from a single ancestor but from a shared connection, often linked by common mythical or historical ancestors.

47. Which kinship term is used to describe the relationship between a man and his sister’s children?

(A) Father

(B) Uncle

(D) Nephew

(B) Uncle

Explanation: In kinship terms, a man’s sister’s children are his nieces and nephews, and he is their uncle.

48. Which of the following describes "matrilateral" kin?

(A) The kinship on the father’s side of the family

(B) The kinship on the mother’s side of the family

(D) The kinship of people related by marriage

(B) The kinship on the mother’s side of the family

Explanation: Matrilateral kin refers to relatives on the mother’s side of the family, including maternal aunts, uncles, and cousins.

49. The term "fictive kin" refers to:

(A) Kinship relationships formed through blood ties

(B) Kinship relationships formed through marriage

(D) Kinship relationships formed through legal adoption

Explanation: Fictive kin refers to people who are considered family due to close relationships or social bonds, but are not related by blood or marriage.

50. In kinship studies, the term "consanguinity" refers to:

(A) Kinship relationships formed by marriage

(B) Kinship relationships formed by blood ties

(D) Kinship relationships formed by social interactions

(B) Kinship relationships formed by blood ties

Explanation: Consanguinity refers to kinship relationships that are based on common ancestry or blood, such as siblings, parents, and children.

51. Which of the following is a common feature of "patrilineal" descent?

(A) Kinship is traced through the mother's side

(B) The father's lineage determines inheritance and social roles

(D) Kinship is traced through both the father's and mother's side

(B) The father's lineage determines inheritance and social roles

Explanation: In patrilineal societies, kinship and inheritance are traced through the father's side, and typically, family roles and property pass through the paternal line.

52. Which of the following is an example of a "matrilineal" descent system?

(A) Inheritance passes from father to son

(B) Children belong to the father's lineage

(D) The mother’s brother manages the family wealth

Explanation: In matrilineal societies, lineage and inheritance pass through the mother’s side of the family, and children typically belong to their mother’s lineage.

53. What is a key feature of "polygyny" in kinship systems?

(A) One woman marries multiple men

(B) One man marries multiple women

(D) A man marries only one woman

(B) One man marries multiple women

Explanation: Polygyny is a form of marriage where one man has multiple wives, and it is practiced in several patrilineal societies.

54. The "family of orientation" refers to:

(A) The family one is born into

(B) The family formed through marriage

(D) The family one creates by having children

(A) The family one is born into

Explanation: The family of orientation is the family into which a person is born and raised. It consists of the person's parents and siblings.

55. In a "patrilocal" society, the couple typically resides:

(A) With the wife’s family

(B) With the husband’s family

(D) With the husband's mother

(B) With the husband’s family

Explanation: In a patrilocal residence pattern, the couple typically lives with or near the husband's family after marriage.

56. Which of the following is an example of a "nuclear family" structure?

(A) A father, mother, and their children living together

(B) A family with multiple generations living together

(D) A father and his children living in separate households

(A) A father, mother, and their children living together

Explanation: A nuclear family consists of two parents and their children living together in one household, distinct from extended families that include additional relatives.

57. The "degree of kinship" refers to:

(A) The number of generations in a family

(B) The closeness of relationship between individuals in a kin group

(D) The total number of family members

(B) The closeness of relationship between individuals in a kin group

Explanation: The degree of kinship indicates how closely related two individuals are, often defined by how many generations separate them.

58. The concept of "ascribed status" in kinship refers to:

(A) A status acquired through marriage

(B) A status gained through achievements

(D) A status granted by social position

Explanation: Ascribed status refers to social status that an individual is born into, such as family, kinship group, or caste, and is not achieved through personal effort.

59. The term "incest taboo" refers to:

(A) A legal prohibition on marriage between people of different ethnic groups

(B) A cultural prohibition against marriage between close blood relatives

(D) A cultural practice of marrying within a certain caste

(B) A cultural prohibition against marriage between close blood relatives

Explanation: The incest taboo refers to cultural and social rules that prohibit marriage or sexual relations between close blood relatives, such as siblings or parents and children.

60. In a "matrilocal" residence system, where does the couple typically live?

(A) With the wife’s family

(B) With the husband’s family

(D) With the husband's parents

(A) With the wife’s family

Explanation: In a matrilocal residence system, the couple lives with or near the wife’s family after marriage, often seen in matrilineal societies.

61. In which type of kinship system is inheritance and lineage traced through the father’s side?

(A) Patrilineal

(B) Matrilineal

(D) Avunculocal

(A) Patrilineal

Explanation: In a patrilineal system, inheritance and lineage are traced through the father’s side of the family, with family name and property often passed down through male relatives.

62. The "Matrilineal Descent" system is characterized by:

(A) Tracing descent through the mother’s side

(B) Tracing descent through the father’s side

(D) Tracing descent through only the mother’s sister

(A) Tracing descent through the mother’s side

Explanation: In matrilineal descent systems, kinship and inheritance are traced through the mother’s side of the family, with individuals belonging to their mother’s lineage.

63. Which kinship term refers to the parents of one’s spouse?

(A) Affinal kin

(B) Consanguineal kin

(D) Extended kin

(A) Affinal kin

Explanation: Affinal kin refers to relationships formed through marriage, such as a person’s in-laws or the parents of one’s spouse.

64. The "degree of consanguinity" refers to:

(A) The number of direct ancestors in a family

(B) The closeness of family relationships based on blood ties

(D) The number of generations between a child and their parents

(B) The closeness of family relationships based on blood ties

Explanation: Degree of consanguinity refers to the closeness of a relationship between individuals, determined by the number of generations separating them through blood relations.

65. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a "cross-cousin" marriage?

(A) The groom marries the daughter of his mother’s brother

(B) The groom marries the daughter of his father’s sister

(D) The bride marries the son of her mother’s brother

(B) The groom marries the daughter of his father’s sister

Explanation: Cross-cousin marriage involves a groom marrying the daughter of his mother’s brother or the son of his father’s sister. It is common in some cultures as a way to strengthen family ties.

66. "Consanguineal kin" refers to:

(A) Relatives connected by marriage

(B) Relatives connected by legal adoption

(D) Relatives connected through social relationships

Explanation: Consanguineal kin refers to relatives related by blood, such as parents, children, siblings, and cousins.

67. Which of the following is a characteristic of "endogamy"?

(A) Marrying within a specific social, ethnic, or religious group

(B) Marrying outside one's cultural group

(D) Marrying multiple spouses

(A) Marrying within a specific social, ethnic, or religious group

Explanation: Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within a specific social, ethnic, or religious group, often to maintain cultural continuity or family ties.

68. A "clan" is defined as:

(A) A kinship group traced to a common ancestor, often mythical or legendary

(B) A group of people related by marriage

(D) A group of people from the same geographic location

(A) A kinship group traced to a common ancestor, often mythical or legendary

Explanation: A clan is a kinship group that traces its ancestry to a common ancestor, often one with legendary or mythical significance.

69. The term "patrilocal" refers to:

(A) The couple lives with the wife’s family

(B) The couple lives with the husband’s family

(D) The couple lives with the husband's mother

(B) The couple lives with the husband’s family

Explanation: In a patrilocal residence system, the couple lives with or near the husband’s family after marriage, common in patrilineal societies.

70. "Bilateral descent" is defined as:

(A) Tracing descent through both the father's and mother's sides

(B) Tracing descent through the father's side

(D) Tracing descent through the father’s brother’s line

(A) Tracing descent through both the father's and mother's sides

Explanation: Bilateral descent involves tracing kinship and inheritance through both paternal and maternal lines, which is common in many modern industrial societies.

71. The term "unilineal descent" refers to:

(A) Tracing descent through one side of the family, either paternal or maternal

(B) Tracing descent through both maternal and paternal sides equally

(D) Tracing descent through the mother’s side only

(A) Tracing descent through one side of the family, either paternal or maternal

Explanation: Unilineal descent systems trace kinship through either the paternal (patrilineal) or maternal (matrilineal) side, but not both.

72. In a "bilateral" kinship system, inheritance is typically:

(A) Traced through both maternal and paternal sides

(B) Traced through the father’s side only

(D) Not inherited at all

(A) Traced through both maternal and paternal sides

Explanation: In bilateral kinship systems, inheritance is passed down through both the maternal and paternal lines, reflecting equal recognition of both sides of the family.

73. The "avunculate" refers to:

(A) The relationship between a man and his nephew

(B) The relationship between a woman and her aunt

(D) The relationship between a woman and her nephew

(A) The relationship between a man and his nephew

Explanation: Avunculate refers to the relationship between an uncle and his nephew, a role that is often significant in societies with matrilineal descent.

74. A "lineage" in kinship studies is primarily based on:

(A) Shared occupation or profession

(B) Blood relations traced to a common ancestor

(D) Geographic location

(B) Blood relations traced to a common ancestor

Explanation: A lineage is a group of people who trace their ancestry to a common ancestor, and is typically structured around blood relations.

75. Which of the following is a common feature of "matrilineal" kinship systems?

(A) Inheritance is passed down through the father’s side

(B) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the mother’s side

(D) The father’s lineage dictates family roles

(B) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the mother’s side

Explanation: In matrilineal kinship systems, both kinship and inheritance pass through the mother’s side, with lineage often belonging to the mother’s family.

76. In kinship studies, a "cousin" is typically classified as:

(A) A person’s direct sibling

(B) A person’s parent's sibling

(D) A person’s parent's sibling’s child

Explanation: A cousin is typically the child of a person's parent’s sibling. The relationship is considered more distant than siblings but still part of the extended family.

77. The concept of "fictive kinship" refers to:

(A) Blood relations

(B) Marriage relationships

(D) Social class-based relationships

Explanation: Fictive kinship refers to non-blood relationships that are treated as family, such as close friends who are considered like relatives.

78. The practice of "bridewealth" involves:

(A) A woman receiving gifts from her husband’s family

(B) A man giving gifts or property to his wife’s family

(D) A family arranging marriages between their children

(B) A man giving gifts or property to his wife’s family

Explanation: Bridewealth is a traditional practice where the groom’s family gives gifts or property to the bride’s family, often as compensation for the loss of her labor and support.

79. "Polygamy" refers to:

(A) A man having multiple wives or a woman having multiple husbands

(B) A man marrying only one woman

(D) A legal contract between two families

(A) A man having multiple wives or a woman having multiple husbands

Explanation: Polygamy is a form of marriage where a person has multiple spouses, either as polygyny (one man, multiple women) or polyandry (one woman, multiple men).

80. In kinship studies, the term "descent" refers to:

(A) The family lineage traced through one’s mother or father

(B) The roles of extended family members

(D) The wealth distribution within a family

(A) The family lineage traced through one’s mother or father

Explanation: Descent refers to the family lineage traced through either the paternal or maternal line, determining kinship roles and inheritance.

81. The "matrilateral" kin group refers to:

(A) Relatives on the father’s side

(B) Relatives on the mother’s side

(D) Relatives from the father's brother’s side

(B) Relatives on the mother’s side

Explanation: Matrilateral kin refers to relatives on the mother’s side of the family, such as maternal uncles, aunts, and cousins.

82. In kinship studies, the term "residence rule" refers to:

(A) Where the couple lives after marriage

(B) The legal definition of kinship

(D) The social classification of family members

(A) Where the couple lives after marriage

Explanation: The residence rule refers to the cultural practice of determining where the newlywed couple will reside, such as patrilocal, matrilocal, or neolocal residence patterns.

83. "Exogamy" refers to:

(A) Marrying within a specific social, ethnic, or religious group

(B) Marrying outside one’s own social, ethnic, or cultural group

(D) Marrying a person from a distant relative's family

(B) Marrying outside one’s own social, ethnic, or cultural group

Explanation: Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one’s own social, ethnic, or cultural group, which can help establish alliances between different groups.

84. A "patrilineage" in kinship studies refers to:

(A) A group tracing its ancestry through the mother’s side

(B) A group tracing its ancestry through the father’s side

(D) A group based on legal inheritance

(B) A group tracing its ancestry through the father’s side

Explanation: Patrilineage refers to a descent group that traces its ancestry and inheritance through the father’s line of the family.

85. Which of the following is characteristic of a "nuclear family" structure?

(A) Parents, children, and extended family members living together

(B) Only parents living together

(D) Only siblings living together

Explanation: A nuclear family consists of two parents and their children living together in one household, without extended family members.

86. "Affinal kin" refers to:

(A) People related by blood

(B) People related by marriage

(D) People related through adoption

(B) People related by marriage

Explanation: Affinal kin refers to individuals related by marriage, such as in-laws, as opposed to consanguineal kin, who are related by blood.

87. In some cultures, the "avunculate" role is often significant. This term refers to:

(A) The relationship between a mother and her son

(B) The relationship between a father and his daughter

(D) The relationship between a father and his sister

Explanation: The term "avunculate" refers to the relationship between a maternal uncle and his nephew, and this relationship can be especially important in matrilineal societies.

88. In kinship studies, "bilateral descent" systems involve:

(A) Tracing descent through one side of the family

(B) Tracing descent through both the mother’s and father’s sides

(D) Tracing descent through only the father’s side

(B) Tracing descent through both the mother’s and father’s sides

Explanation: Bilateral descent systems recognize both the maternal and paternal sides of the family as equal, with inheritance and kinship traced through both lines.

89. The "degree of consanguinity" in kinship studies is used to measure:

(A) The closeness of a relationship based on social status

(B) The number of generations between two individuals

(D) The total number of family members

Explanation: Degree of consanguinity refers to the genetic relationship between two individuals, often measured by the number of generations between them.

90. The term "kinship terminology" refers to:

(A) The legal terminology used to define family roles

(B) The system of terms used to describe family members

(D) The cultural practices related to family inheritance

(B) The system of terms used to describe family members

Explanation: Kinship terminology refers to the set of terms used to describe family relationships, such as terms for mother, father, siblings, cousins, etc.

91. The "patrilocal" residence pattern involves:

(A) The couple living with the wife’s family

(B) The couple living with the husband’s family

(D) The couple living in the wife’s ancestral home

(B) The couple living with the husband’s family

Explanation: In a patrilocal residence pattern, the newlywed couple typically lives with or near the husband’s family after marriage, common in patrilineal societies.

92. The "neolocal" residence pattern refers to:

(A) The couple living with the wife’s family

(B) The couple living with the husband’s family

(D) The couple living with both sets of parents

Explanation: In a neolocal residence pattern, the couple establishes a new household separate from both families, which is common in modern industrial societies.

93. The "degree of affinity" refers to:

(A) The closeness of a relationship through blood ties

(B) The number of generations between two people

(D) The amount of inheritance transferred between family members

Explanation: Degree of affinity measures the closeness of relationships established by marriage, such as the relationship between a person and their in-laws.

94. The term "patrilineal descent" means:

(A) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the mother's side

(B) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the father's side

(D) Kinship is determined by legal contracts

(B) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the father's side

Explanation: Patrilineal descent traces kinship and inheritance through the father's side, with property and social roles typically passed down through male descendants.

95. A "matrilineal descent" system is one where:

(A) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the father's side

(B) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the mother's side

(D) Kinship is determined by legal adoption

(B) Kinship and inheritance are traced through the mother's side

Explanation: In matrilineal systems, lineage and inheritance pass through the mother’s side, with children inheriting from their mother's family.

96. "Parallel cousins" are defined as:

(A) The children of a father’s brother or mother’s sister

(B) The children of a mother’s brother or father’s sister

(D) The children of a cousin from the same side

(A) The children of a father’s brother or mother’s sister

Explanation: Parallel cousins are the children of a father’s brother or a mother’s sister, forming a kinship group that is recognized differently in some societies.

97. The practice of "levirate" marriage involves:

(A) A widow marrying her deceased husband’s brother

(B) A widower marrying his deceased wife’s sister

(D) A woman marrying her cousin

(A) A widow marrying her deceased husband’s brother

Explanation: Levirate marriage is a cultural practice where a widow marries her deceased husband’s brother to preserve family lineage and provide support to the widow.

98. In "bilateral descent" systems, kinship is traced:

(A) Through the mother's side only

(B) Through the father's side only

(D) Through the family’s ancestral land

Explanation: Bilateral descent systems trace kinship and inheritance through both the maternal and paternal lines, which is common in many modern societies.

99. The practice of "sororate" marriage involves:

(A) A man marrying his deceased wife’s sister

(B) A woman marrying her deceased husband’s brother

(D) A man marrying his daughter’s widow

(A) A man marrying his deceased wife’s sister

Explanation: Sororate marriage is a cultural practice where a widower marries his deceased wife’s sister, often to continue family alliances and care for the widow.

100. The term "patrilocal" refers to:

(A) A couple living with the wife’s family

(B) A couple living with the husband’s family

(D) A couple living with both sets of parents

(B) A couple living with the husband’s family

Explanation: In a patrilocal residence pattern, the couple lives with or near the husband’s family after marriage, which is common in patrilineal societies.

STPGT-Sociology_Kinship: Concept, Types, Rules of Descent and Usages

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