Sex, Gender, Masculinity, Femininity, Sexuality and Third Gender

Semester – I Interdisciplinary SC 101-ID: Environment and Society

1. What is the primary distinction between "sex" and "gender"?

(A) Sex refers to biological characteristics, while gender refers to social roles and behaviors

(B) Sex refers to one's sexual orientation, while gender refers to their legal status

(D) Sex refers to gender identity, while gender refers to sexual preference

(A) Sex refers to biological characteristics, while gender refers to social roles and behaviors

Explanation: "Sex" refers to biological attributes like chromosomes and reproductive organs, while "gender" refers to the roles, behaviors, and identities that society associates with being male or female.

2. Which of the following is an example of "gender socialization"?

(A) Teaching boys and girls different behaviors and expectations based on their sex

(B) Biological differences in male and female reproductive organs

(D) The act of defining someone as male or female at birth

(A) Teaching boys and girls different behaviors and expectations based on their sex

Explanation: Gender socialization refers to the process by which society teaches individuals how to behave based on their assigned gender, such as teaching boys to be assertive and girls to be nurturing.

3. Masculinity is often associated with which of the following traits in traditional societies?

(A) Nurturance and empathy

(B) Strength, aggression, and dominance

(D) Submissiveness and passivity

(B) Strength, aggression, and dominance

Explanation: Traditional notions of masculinity often emphasize traits such as strength, aggression, and dominance, though these concepts are evolving in modern societies.

4. Femininity in traditional cultures is most commonly associated with which of the following?

(A) Rationality and power

(B) Aggression and independence

(D) Leadership and competitiveness

Explanation: Traditional femininity is often associated with nurturing, caretaking, and submissive roles, although these roles have evolved over time.

5. Which of the following terms refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors considered appropriate for individuals of a particular sex?

(A) Sex

(B) Gender

(D) Sexual orientation

(B) Gender

Explanation: Gender refers to the social roles and behaviors that society considers appropriate for men and women, while sex refers to biological differences.

6. Which of the following best defines "sexual orientation"?

(A) A person's physical sex characteristics

(B) The gender roles a person adopts in society

(D) The legal gender assigned to a person at birth

Explanation: Sexual orientation refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person experiences towards people of the opposite sex, the same sex, or both.

7. "Third gender" refers to individuals who:

(A) Are biologically intersex

(B) Identify as neither male nor female

(D) All of the above

(B) Identify as neither male nor female

Explanation: "Third gender" refers to individuals who do not conform to traditional male or female gender identities, often identifying as non-binary or gender-fluid.

8. Which of the following is an example of gender nonconformity?

(A) A woman wearing a dress

(B) A man wearing makeup and a skirt

(D) A person identifying as male or female

(B) A man wearing makeup and a skirt

Explanation: Gender nonconformity refers to behavior or appearance that does not adhere to conventional gender expectations, such as a man wearing makeup and a skirt.

9. What is the main idea behind the "gender binary" concept?

(A) Gender is fluid and can be fluidly chosen

(B) There are only two genders: male and female

(D) Gender should not exist at all

(B) There are only two genders: male and female

Explanation: The "gender binary" is a concept that suggests there are only two genders, male and female, with no recognition of gender diversity outside these categories.

10. What does the term "queer theory" primarily focus on?

(A) Rejecting the idea of gender altogether

(B) Challenging the binary understanding of gender and sexuality

(D) Reinforcing traditional gender roles

(B) Challenging the binary understanding of gender and sexuality

Explanation: Queer theory challenges traditional, binary understandings of gender and sexuality, advocating for a more fluid and inclusive approach to identity.

11. Which of the following terms refers to the physical characteristics that differentiate males and females?

(A) Gender identity

(B) Sex

(D) Gender expression

(B) Sex

Explanation: "Sex" refers to the biological characteristics (such as reproductive organs, chromosomes) that differentiate males and females.

12. What is the concept of "hegemonic masculinity"?

(A) A concept that challenges gender norms and expectations

(B) The dominant form of masculinity that enforces power and dominance over others

(D) The idea that men and women can have equal roles in society

(B) The dominant form of masculinity that enforces power and dominance over others

Explanation: Hegemonic masculinity refers to the culturally dominant form of masculinity, which emphasizes dominance, control, and power, often at the expense of other forms of masculinity and femininity.

13. Which of the following is a key characteristic of "femininity" in traditional gender roles?

(A) Aggression and assertiveness

(B) Nurturing and empathy

(D) Independence and self-reliance

(B) Nurturing and empathy

Explanation: Traditional notions of femininity often associate women with nurturing, empathy, and caretaking roles, focusing on their role in family and home life.

14. Which concept refers to the societal expectations placed on people based on their perceived sex or gender?

(A) Gender norms

(B) Gender fluidity

(D) Heteronormativity

(A) Gender norms

Explanation: Gender norms refer to the societal expectations and behaviors that are considered appropriate for individuals based on their perceived gender.

15. The term "transgender" refers to individuals who:

(A) Identify with the gender they were assigned at birth

(B) Do not conform to traditional gender norms but may identify with one gender

(D) Only identify with non-binary gender

Explanation: Transgender people have a gender identity that differs from the sex they were assigned at birth, and they may transition to align their gender expression with their identity.

16. Which of the following best defines "gender identity"?

(A) The biological sex assigned at birth

(B) The way a person expresses their gender through clothes, behavior, and appearance

(D) A set of cultural practices associated with gender roles

Explanation: Gender identity refers to an individual's internal sense of their gender, which may or may not align with the sex they were assigned at birth.

17. Which term refers to individuals who identify with a gender that is different from the one assigned to them at birth?

(A) Transgender

(B) Intersex

(D) Gender non-conforming

(A) Transgender

Explanation: Transgender refers to people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. This term is often used as an umbrella term for individuals who experience gender incongruence.

18. Which of the following is a characteristic traditionally associated with "masculinity" in many cultures?

(A) Nurturance and caregiving

(B) Aggression and competitiveness

(D) Passive and submissive behaviors

(B) Aggression and competitiveness

Explanation: Traditional masculinity is often associated with traits such as aggression, competitiveness, strength, and dominance, although these norms are evolving in contemporary society.

19. The term "androgyny" refers to:

(A) The blending or mixing of male and female characteristics in an individual’s gender expression

(B) A strict adherence to male or female gender roles

(D) A legal identity that does not conform to male or female

(A) The blending or mixing of male and female characteristics in an individual’s gender expression

Explanation: Androgyny refers to a blending or mixing of masculine and feminine traits in an individual’s gender expression, often challenging traditional gender norms.

20. Which of the following terms refers to someone whose gender identity is not exclusively male or female, but somewhere in between or outside the gender binary?

(A) Non-binary

(B) Cisgender

(D) Transgender

(A) Non-binary

Explanation: Non-binary refers to individuals who do not identify exclusively as male or female, but rather experience their gender identity as outside or in between the binary gender categories of male and female.

21. Which of the following best defines "heteronormativity"?

(A) The belief that heterosexuality is the only valid sexual orientation

(B) A theory that focuses on the social construction of sexual identities

(D) A policy that supports marriage equality

(A) The belief that heterosexuality is the only valid sexual orientation

Explanation: Heteronormativity is the assumption that heterosexuality is the default or "normal" sexual orientation, which marginalizes other sexual orientations such as homosexuality and bisexuality.

22. What is the term for a person who is sexually attracted to people of the opposite gender?

(A) Heterosexual

(B) Homosexual

(D) Asexual

(A) Heterosexual

Explanation: Heterosexuality refers to sexual attraction to individuals of the opposite gender. It is one of the most common sexual orientations.

23. What does "gender dysphoria" refer to?

(A) A state where individuals experience discomfort with their assigned gender at birth and seek to transition

(B) The belief that one’s gender identity is fixed and cannot change

(D) A disorder that causes individuals to reject gender roles altogether

(A) A state where individuals experience discomfort with their assigned gender at birth and seek to transition

Explanation: Gender dysphoria is a psychological condition where individuals feel discomfort or distress because their gender identity does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth, often leading them to seek medical transition.

24. What is the meaning of the term "transgender"?

(A) Someone who is biologically female and identifies as male

(B) Someone who does not identify with any gender

(D) Someone who is born intersex

Explanation: Transgender individuals have a gender identity that differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. This term encompasses a wide variety of gender identities and expressions.

25. Which of the following terms refers to the expression or presentation of gender in terms of clothing, behavior, and appearance?

(A) Gender identity

(B) Gender expression

(D) Gender stereotypes

(B) Gender expression

Explanation: Gender expression refers to how an individual outwardly expresses their gender through clothing, behavior, and appearance, which may or may not align with societal expectations.

26. What does "genderqueer" mean?

(A) Someone who identifies strictly as male or female

(B) A person who identifies outside the binary of male and female and rejects traditional gender categories

(D) Someone who identifies with the gender assigned to them at birth

(B) A person who identifies outside the binary of male and female and rejects traditional gender categories

Explanation: Genderqueer is a term used by individuals who do not conform to traditional gender distinctions and instead identify as outside the binary of male and female.

27. The term "cisgender" refers to individuals who:

(A) Identify with a gender different from the one they were assigned at birth

(B) Do not conform to traditional gender roles

(D) Reject gender roles altogether

Explanation: Cisgender refers to individuals whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth, in contrast to transgender individuals.

28. Which term refers to a system of categorizing people into two distinct, opposite, and disconnected genders (male and female)?

(A) Gender fluidity

(B) Gender binary

(D) Transgender

(B) Gender binary

Explanation: The gender binary is a system that categorizes people into two distinct genders: male and female. It assumes that all people fit into one of these categories.

29. Which of the following is an example of "toxic masculinity"?

(A) Men expressing their emotions freely

(B) Men being expected to suppress their emotions and avoid appearing weak

(D) Men advocating for gender equality

(B) Men being expected to suppress their emotions and avoid appearing weak

Explanation: Toxic masculinity refers to the societal expectations that men suppress emotions, avoid appearing weak, and demonstrate dominance or aggression. These norms can be harmful to both men and those around them.

30. What is the key characteristic of "gender performativity" as proposed by Judith Butler?

(A) Gender is an innate and biological characteristic

(B) Gender is a performance that is repeated and enacted based on societal norms

(D) Gender is fixed and unchangeable

(B) Gender is a performance that is repeated and enacted based on societal norms

Explanation: Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity suggests that gender is not a fixed identity, but rather a repeated performance that is shaped by societal expectations and norms.

31. Which of the following terms refers to individuals who have a gender identity or gender expression that does not conform to conventional male and female roles?

(A) Transgender

(B) Non-binary

(D) Genderfluid

(B) Non-binary

Explanation: Non-binary refers to individuals who do not exclusively identify as male or female and may have a gender identity that falls outside the traditional male-female binary.

32. The term "heteronormativity" refers to:

(A) The expectation that everyone should conform to heterosexual behavior

(B) The belief that all individuals are bisexual

(D) The rejection of traditional family structures

(A) The expectation that everyone should conform to heterosexual behavior

Explanation: Heteronormativity is the cultural assumption that heterosexuality is the default or "normal" sexual orientation, leading to the marginalization of other sexual orientations.

33. Which of the following best defines "sexual orientation"?

(A) A person’s physical sex characteristics

(B) A person’s emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others

(D) The gender identity that aligns with one's biological sex

(B) A person’s emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others

Explanation: Sexual orientation refers to an individual's pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to people of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both.

34. The concept of "third gender" refers to individuals who:

(A) Identify as either male or female but not both

(B) Have a gender identity that is outside of the male-female binary

(D) Identify exclusively as homosexual

(B) Have a gender identity that is outside of the male-female binary

Explanation: The term "third gender" is used to describe people whose gender identity does not fit within the traditional binary of male and female, often including intersex, non-binary, and genderqueer individuals.

35. Which of the following is true about "gender fluidity"?

(A) Gender fluidity means a person identifies as both male and female simultaneously

(B) Gender fluidity refers to individuals who move between different gender identities

(D) Gender fluidity is the same as being transgender

(B) Gender fluidity refers to individuals who move between different gender identities

Explanation: Gender fluidity refers to a person whose gender identity may change over time, or who may feel different genders at different times, moving beyond a fixed gender identity.

36. Which of the following is true about "gender stereotypes"?

(A) Gender stereotypes are based on the biological differences between men and women

(B) Gender stereotypes prescribe how men and women should behave based on societal expectations

(D) Gender stereotypes encourage flexibility in gender roles

(B) Gender stereotypes prescribe how men and women should behave based on societal expectations

Explanation: Gender stereotypes are societal expectations that prescribe certain behaviors, attitudes, and roles for men and women based on their gender, often limiting individuals' freedom to express themselves outside those norms.

37. The term "intersectionality" refers to:

(A) The idea that gender identity is independent of race and class

(B) How different forms of identity (gender, race, class, etc.) intersect and influence one's experiences of oppression

(D) The belief that all forms of oppression are identical

(B) How different forms of identity (gender, race, class, etc.) intersect and influence one's experiences of oppression

Explanation: Intersectionality is a framework that examines how various aspects of a person's identity (such as gender, race, and class) intersect and affect their experiences of discrimination and privilege.

38. What does the term "gender nonconformity" refer to?

(A) A person who strictly adheres to traditional gender roles

(B) A person whose gender expression does not align with traditional gender expectations

(D) A person who exclusively identifies as non-binary

(B) A person whose gender expression does not align with traditional gender expectations

Explanation: Gender nonconformity refers to individuals whose gender expression (how they dress, behave, or present themselves) does not align with societal expectations for their assigned gender.

39. Which of the following best describes "gender equality"?

(A) Women and men are biologically the same

(B) Women and men have equal opportunities, rights, and treatment regardless of gender

(D) Gender roles should remain fixed in society

(B) Women and men have equal opportunities, rights, and treatment regardless of gender

Explanation: Gender equality refers to the principle that all genders have equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources, and should be treated with equal respect and dignity.

40. What is the main idea behind "gender inclusivity"?

(A) To include only male and female genders in society

(B) To ensure equal treatment and opportunities for all gender identities, including non-binary and transgender individuals

(D) To encourage strict gender roles in society

(B) To ensure equal treatment and opportunities for all gender identities, including non-binary and transgender individuals

Explanation: Gender inclusivity focuses on creating an environment where all gender identities, including non-binary and transgender individuals, are respected and have equal access to opportunities and rights.

41. Which of the following concepts challenges the traditional binary understanding of gender?

(A) Gender fluidity

(B) Gender binary

(D) Heteronormativity

(A) Gender fluidity

Explanation: Gender fluidity refers to the concept of having a gender identity that is not fixed and can shift over time, challenging the traditional male/female binary gender framework.

42. What is the term for a person whose gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned at birth?

(A) Genderqueer

(B) Cisgender

(D) Agender

Explanation: Transgender individuals have a gender identity that differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. This includes people who transition from one gender to another or those who identify outside of the binary gender system.

43. Which of the following terms is used to describe someone who does not conform to traditional gender roles and expectations?

(A) Gender non-conforming

(B) Genderfluid

(D) Cisgender

(A) Gender non-conforming

Explanation: Gender non-conforming refers to individuals who do not follow traditional gender roles and expectations, often expressing themselves in ways that do not align with societal norms for male or female behavior.

44. Which concept refers to the social roles and behaviors that society deems appropriate for men and women?

(A) Gender identity

(B) Gender roles

(D) Gender equality

(B) Gender roles

Explanation: Gender roles are the societal expectations and behaviors considered appropriate for individuals based on their assigned gender at birth, such as nurturing roles for women and provider roles for men.

45. The concept of "hegemonic masculinity" refers to:

(A) The idea that men and women should be treated equally in all spheres of life

(B) The dominant form of masculinity that emphasizes male power and dominance

(D) A gender-neutral approach to masculinity

(B) The dominant form of masculinity that emphasizes male power and dominance

Explanation: Hegemonic masculinity is a concept used to describe the dominant form of masculinity that promotes traits like power, dominance, and aggression, often marginalizing other forms of masculinity and femininity.

46. What does the term "cisgender" mean?

(A) Someone whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth

(B) Someone whose gender identity is different from the sex they were assigned at birth

(D) A person who rejects gender categories altogether

(A) Someone whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth

Explanation: Cisgender refers to individuals whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth, as opposed to transgender individuals.

47. "Sexuality" encompasses which of the following aspects of human experience?

(A) Sexual attraction and behavior

(B) Sexual orientation

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Sexuality encompasses a wide range of human experiences, including sexual attraction, behavior, orientation, identity, and practices.

48. The concept of "patriarchy" refers to:

(A) A society where women hold the primary power in all spheres of life

(B) A social system in which men hold primary power and authority over women

(D) The practice of gender-neutral laws

(B) A social system in which men hold primary power and authority over women

Explanation: Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power and authority in political, economic, social, and familial structures, often leading to the marginalization and oppression of women.

49. The term "genderqueer" refers to individuals who:

(A) Identify as male or female

(B) Do not conform to traditional gender norms and may have a gender identity outside of the binary system

(D) Only identify as non-binary

(B) Do not conform to traditional gender norms and may have a gender identity outside of the binary system

Explanation: Genderqueer refers to individuals who do not conform to traditional gender norms, and they may identify outside of the male-female binary or adopt a fluid or non-binary gender identity.

50. The term "third gender" is used to describe individuals who:

(A) Identify as neither male nor female

(B) Identify as both male and female

(D) Are biologically intersex

(A) Identify as neither male nor female

Explanation: Third gender refers to individuals who do not identify exclusively as male or female, often existing outside the traditional binary gender system, as seen in cultures with gender-diverse traditions.

51. Which of the following is a core idea of "gender fluidity"?

(A) Gender is a fixed, binary characteristic that does not change over time

(B) Gender identity may shift over time or depending on the individual’s experience

(D) Gender must always align with biological sex

(B) Gender identity may shift over time or depending on the individual’s experience

Explanation: Gender fluidity refers to the concept that gender identity can change over time, allowing individuals to experience different gender expressions based on their personal feelings and experiences.

52. Which of the following statements about "gender roles" is correct?

(A) Gender roles are rigid and fixed across all cultures and societies

(B) Gender roles are socially constructed and vary across cultures and historical periods

(D) Gender roles are unchangeable and cannot be influenced by societal norms

(B) Gender roles are socially constructed and vary across cultures and historical periods

Explanation: Gender roles are socially constructed expectations for how individuals should behave based on their gender. These roles vary across cultures and time periods, and they are influenced by societal norms.

53. Which of the following is an example of "toxic femininity"?

(A) Women expressing emotions freely and openly

(B) Women being expected to be passive, submissive, and self-sacrificial in relationships

(D) Women rejecting traditional gender roles

(B) Women being expected to be passive, submissive, and self-sacrificial in relationships

Explanation: Toxic femininity refers to the societal expectation that women should be passive, self-sacrificial, and submissive, reinforcing limiting gender roles and undermining women's agency.

54. What does the concept of "gender non-binary" refer to?

(A) Individuals who identify as exclusively male or female

(B) Individuals who reject the traditional male and female gender categories and may identify with both, neither, or a mix of genders

(D) A cultural belief that gender is strictly determined by biological sex

(B) Individuals who reject the traditional male and female gender categories and may identify with both, neither, or a mix of genders

Explanation: Non-binary is a gender identity that rejects the traditional male and female gender categories, and individuals may identify with both, neither, or a mix of genders.

55. The concept of "patriarchy" refers to:

(A) A society where women have equal power to men in all spheres

(B) A social system where men hold primary power and authority, often leading to the oppression of women

(D) A belief system that advocates for women's leadership in all aspects of society

(B) A social system where men hold primary power and authority, often leading to the oppression of women

Explanation: Patriarchy refers to a social system in which men hold primary power in political, social, and economic structures, leading to the systematic oppression and marginalization of women and other genders.

56. Which of the following is a concept that challenges traditional ideas of masculinity?

(A) Toxic masculinity

(B) Hegemonic masculinity

(D) Patriarchy

Explanation: Inclusive masculinity challenges traditional notions of masculinity, promoting a more flexible, less rigid view of gender roles and encouraging men to embrace a broader range of emotions and behaviors.

57. Which of the following is true about the term "gender spectrum"?

(A) It assumes only two gender identities: male and female

(B) It recognizes that gender exists on a continuum and includes a wide range of identities beyond the binary

(D) It is a concept that only applies to transgender people

(B) It recognizes that gender exists on a continuum and includes a wide range of identities beyond the binary

Explanation: The gender spectrum acknowledges that gender exists on a continuum, allowing for identities beyond the traditional male/female binary, and is inclusive of a wide range of gender identities.

58. "Sexual fluidity" refers to:

(A) The idea that one's sexual orientation can change over time based on attraction to different genders

(B) A fixed attraction to one gender throughout life

(D) A preference for same-sex relationships only

(A) The idea that one's sexual orientation can change over time based on attraction to different genders

Explanation: Sexual fluidity refers to the concept that an individual’s sexual attraction may change over time, depending on various factors, such as the person they are attracted to and the context of their relationships.

59. Which of the following terms refers to an individual who is attracted to people of the opposite sex?

(A) Homosexual

(B) Bisexual

(D) Asexual

Explanation: Heterosexual individuals are attracted to people of the opposite sex, and this is the most commonly recognized sexual orientation.

60. "Gender expression" refers to:

(A) A person's gender identity

(B) The societal expectation of how someone should behave based on their gender

(D) A person’s biological sex characteristics

Explanation: Gender expression refers to how an individual presents their gender to the world through their clothing, mannerisms, speech, and other forms of behavior, which may or may not align with traditional gender roles.

61. What is the term for the practice of attributing specific roles, behaviors, and expectations to individuals based on their sex or gender?

(A) Gender socialization

(B) Gender fluidity

(D) Gender equality

(A) Gender socialization

Explanation: Gender socialization is the process by which individuals learn the cultural norms and behaviors associated with their gender, typically influenced by family, education, and media.

62. Which of the following terms is used to describe individuals who experience sexual attraction to both men and women?

(A) Heterosexual

(B) Homosexual

(D) Asexual

Explanation: Bisexuality refers to sexual attraction to both men and women. People who identify as bisexual may have romantic or sexual attractions to individuals of both genders.

63. Which of the following best describes the concept of "gender dysphoria"?

(A) The belief that gender is entirely socially constructed

(B) The condition in which a person's gender identity does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth, leading to distress

(D) A fluid approach to gender identity

(B) The condition in which a person's gender identity does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth, leading to distress

Explanation: Gender dysphoria refers to the psychological distress that results from the mismatch between an individual’s gender identity and the sex they were assigned at birth.

64. Which of the following terms refers to a social system in which men hold primary power, dominating roles in political, economic, and family structures?

(A) Patriarchy

(B) Matriarchy

(D) Gender equality

(A) Patriarchy

Explanation: Patriarchy is a social system where men hold primary power in political, economic, and family structures, often leading to the marginalization of women and other gender minorities.

65. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of "hegemonic masculinity"?

(A) Aggression and dominance

(B) Emotional vulnerability and openness

(D) Power and control over women

(B) Emotional vulnerability and openness

Explanation: Hegemonic masculinity refers to the culturally dominant form of masculinity that emphasizes traits like aggression, dominance, and control, often excluding emotional vulnerability and openness.

66. What does the term "intersectionality" refer to in gender studies?

(A) The idea that gender, race, and class are separate and unrelated

(B) The intersection of different forms of identity (such as gender, race, and class) and how they contribute to experiences of oppression

(D) The merging of all gender identities into a single category

(B) The intersection of different forms of identity (such as gender, race, and class) and how they contribute to experiences of oppression

Explanation: Intersectionality refers to how multiple forms of identity, such as gender, race, and class, intersect and affect a person’s experiences with discrimination, privilege, and oppression.

67. What does the term "cisnormativity" refer to?

(A) The idea that all people should conform to the gender binary

(B) The assumption that being cisgender (gender identity aligning with assigned sex) is the default or normal gender experience

(D) The rejection of all forms of gender identity

(B) The assumption that being cisgender (gender identity aligning with assigned sex) is the default or normal gender experience

Explanation: Cisnormativity is the belief that being cisgender is the default or norm, which marginalizes non-cisgender identities and experiences.

68. Which of the following is an example of "gender expression"?

(A) A woman identifying as a feminist

(B) A man dressing in traditionally feminine clothing

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Gender expression refers to the outward presentation of one's gender, which can include clothing, behavior, and speech. All of the examples provided reflect different forms of gender expression.

69. The term "queer" has evolved to represent which of the following?

(A) A fixed sexual orientation exclusively for non-heterosexual individuals

(B) A term that rejects traditional categories of gender and sexual orientation, embracing fluidity

(D) A form of gender expression based on societal norms

(B) A term that rejects traditional categories of gender and sexual orientation, embracing fluidity

Explanation: "Queer" has evolved as an umbrella term for individuals who reject rigid definitions of gender and sexual orientation, embracing fluidity and non-normative identities.

70. Which law in India provides the legal recognition of "third gender" status for individuals who do not identify as male or female?

(A) The Indian Penal Code, Section 377

(B) The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019

(D) The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961

(B) The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019

Explanation: The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, recognizes transgender individuals as a distinct gender category, ensuring their rights and providing legal recognition to the "third gender."

71. Which term refers to individuals whose gender identity does not align with the traditional male-female binary?

(A) Transgender

(B) Non-binary

(D) Cisgender

(B) Non-binary

Explanation: Non-binary refers to individuals whose gender identity does not align with the traditional male-female binary and may identify as both, neither, or a combination of genders.

72. The term "gender expression" refers to:

(A) The internal sense of being male, female, or other

(B) The outward presentation of gender through appearance, behavior, and clothing

(D) A fixed category of being male or female

(B) The outward presentation of gender through appearance, behavior, and clothing

Explanation: Gender expression refers to how individuals express their gender identity through outward behaviors, clothing, speech, and appearance, which may or may not align with societal norms for their gender.

73. What is the primary focus of "queer theory" in gender studies?

(A) To reinforce traditional gender roles

(B) To challenge normative gender identities and sexual orientations

(D) To promote only heterosexual relationships

(B) To challenge normative gender identities and sexual orientations

Explanation: Queer theory focuses on challenging traditional and normative understandings of gender and sexuality, advocating for fluid and diverse expressions of identity and relationships.

74. Which of the following best describes the concept of "gender fluidity"?

(A) A fixed gender identity that does not change over time

(B) A gender identity that is fluid and can change over time based on personal feelings

(D) A term used to describe individuals who reject all forms of gender identity

(B) A gender identity that is fluid and can change over time based on personal feelings

Explanation: Gender fluidity refers to the idea that a person’s gender identity can shift and change over time, depending on their personal experience and feelings about their gender.

75. What does the term "sexual orientation" refer to?

(A) A person’s sexual behavior

(B) The gender a person identifies with

(D) The societal norms that dictate sexual behavior

Explanation: Sexual orientation refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction a person experiences towards others, which can include heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or other orientations.

76. What is the central idea of "gender performativity" according to Judith Butler?

(A) Gender is an innate characteristic that people are born with

(B) Gender is a performance that individuals enact based on societal expectations

(D) Gender is fixed and unchangeable

(B) Gender is a performance that individuals enact based on societal expectations

Explanation: Judith Butler’s concept of gender performativity suggests that gender is not an inherent trait, but rather something people perform through actions, speech, and behavior according to societal norms.

77. Which of the following concepts rejects the idea that there are only two genders?

(A) Hegemonic masculinity

(B) Gender binary

(D) Heteronormativity

Explanation: The gender spectrum recognizes that gender is not limited to just male and female but includes a range of identities and expressions beyond the binary framework.

78. "Sexual harassment" in the workplace is covered under which of the following laws in India?

(A) The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013

(B) The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

(D) The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

(A) The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013

Explanation: The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013 provides legal recourse to women who face sexual harassment at the workplace, mandating prevention, prohibition, and redressal mechanisms.

79. "Cisnormativity" is the assumption that:

(A) All individuals should conform to traditional gender roles

(B) Being cisgender is the default or "normal" gender experience

(D) Gender identity is independent of biological sex

(B) Being cisgender is the default or "normal" gender experience

Explanation: Cisnormativity is the belief that being cisgender (having a gender identity that aligns with the sex assigned at birth) is the "default" or "normal" gender experience, which marginalizes non-cisgender identities.

80. Which of the following is true about "gender stereotypes"?

(A) They are universal and unchangeable across cultures

(B) They are learned behaviors that are enforced by societal expectations

(D) They are only applicable to male gender roles

(B) They are learned behaviors that are enforced by societal expectations

Explanation: Gender stereotypes are societal expectations and norms about how people of different genders should behave. These stereotypes are learned and enforced through socialization, limiting freedom of expression and behavior.

81. Which of the following is a key feature of "hegemonic masculinity"?

(A) Emotional expressiveness and vulnerability

(B) Aggression, dominance, and control over women

(D) Rejection of traditional gender roles

(B) Aggression, dominance, and control over women

Explanation: Hegemonic masculinity refers to the culturally dominant form of masculinity that emphasizes aggression, dominance, and control, particularly over women and other marginalized groups.

82. Which of the following is an example of "gender-neutral" language?

(A) Chairperson

(B) Policeman

(D) Waitress

(A) Chairperson

Explanation: "Chairperson" is gender-neutral language, as it does not specify the gender of the individual holding the position, unlike "chairman," which assumes a male gender.

83. Which term refers to the societal expectations and behaviors deemed appropriate for individuals based on their sex?

(A) Gender identity

(B) Gender roles

(D) Gender equality

(B) Gender roles

Explanation: Gender roles refer to the social and cultural expectations that dictate the behaviors, attitudes, and actions considered appropriate for individuals based on their sex.

84. What is the main focus of "gender studies" as an academic field?

(A) To study only women’s experiences

(B) To examine the social, cultural, and historical construction of gender roles and identities

(D) To focus solely on the biological differences between men and women

(B) To examine the social, cultural, and historical construction of gender roles and identities

Explanation: Gender studies as a field focuses on understanding how gender roles and identities are socially, culturally, and historically constructed, and how they affect individuals and society.

85. "Transgender" individuals often face discrimination in which of the following areas?

(A) Education

(B) Employment

(D) All of the above

Explanation: Transgender individuals often experience discrimination in multiple areas, including education, employment, and healthcare, due to societal stigma and lack of legal protections.

86. Which of the following terms describes an individual whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth?

(A) Transgender

(B) Non-binary

(D) Genderfluid

Explanation: Cisgender individuals are those whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth. This is the opposite of transgender individuals.

87. "Sexual orientation" refers to:

(A) A person’s romantic or sexual attraction to others

(B) A person’s internal gender identity

(D) The biological characteristics of an individual

(A) A person’s romantic or sexual attraction to others

Explanation: Sexual orientation refers to who a person is romantically or sexually attracted to, such as being attracted to the same sex, the opposite sex, or both.

88. Which of the following is an example of "gender stereotype"?

(A) Women are nurturing and caring

(B) Men can be emotional and sensitive

(D) Women and men should share household responsibilities equally

(A) Women are nurturing and caring

Explanation: Gender stereotypes are generalized beliefs about the attributes, roles, or behaviors of men and women. For example, associating women with nurturing and caring is a traditional gender stereotype.

89. Which of the following terms describes individuals who do not identify with the gender binary of male or female?

(A) Transgender

(B) Genderfluid

(D) Non-binary

Explanation: Non-binary individuals do not identify strictly as male or female. They may have a gender identity that falls outside of the traditional male/female binary.

90. Which of the following best defines the term "gender equality"?

(A) Ensuring that men and women have the same gender identity

(B) The belief that gender roles should be strictly adhered to

(D) The belief that men and women are biologically the same

Explanation: Gender equality refers to the state in which people of all genders have equal rights, opportunities, and treatment, without discrimination based on gender.

91. The term "heteronormativity" refers to:

(A) The belief that heterosexuality is the only acceptable sexual orientation

(B) A system that encourages non-heterosexual relationships

(D) The celebration of gender fluidity and sexual diversity

(A) The belief that heterosexuality is the only acceptable sexual orientation

Explanation: Heteronormativity is the belief that heterosexuality is the default or "normal" sexual orientation, leading to the marginalization of other sexual orientations and gender identities.

92. What does "sex reassignment surgery" (SRS) typically involve?

(A) The surgical alteration of reproductive organs to align with an individual's gender identity

(B) The removal of all gender-related traits

(D) The process of changing one's legal gender identity

(A) The surgical alteration of reproductive organs to align with an individual's gender identity

Explanation: Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) involves surgical procedures that alter an individual's reproductive organs to align with their gender identity, typically as part of the transition process for transgender individuals.

93. Which of the following is a characteristic commonly associated with femininity in traditional gender roles?

(A) Aggression and dominance

(B) Nurturing and empathy

(D) Strength and competitiveness

(B) Nurturing and empathy

Explanation: In traditional gender roles, femininity is often associated with traits like nurturing, caregiving, and empathy, as well as passive or supportive roles in family and society.

94. Which of the following concepts suggests that individuals can have more than one sexual identity or preference over time?

(A) Sexual fluidity

(B) Heteronormativity

(D) Cisgenderism

(A) Sexual fluidity

Explanation: Sexual fluidity refers to the idea that a person’s sexual identity or orientation can change over time, based on their experiences and relationships.

95. Which of the following is an example of "gender expression"?

(A) A person identifying as male or female

(B) A person’s internal sense of gender

(D) A person’s biological traits

Explanation: Gender expression refers to how an individual presents their gender to the outside world through behaviors, clothing, hairstyles, and other outward signs. This may or may not align with the person's gender identity.

96. Which of the following is a characteristic commonly associated with "masculinity" in traditional gender roles?

(A) Nurturing and caregiving

(B) Aggression and dominance

(D) Submissiveness and passivity

(B) Aggression and dominance

Explanation: In traditional gender roles, masculinity is often associated with traits such as aggression, dominance, and the assertion of power, often limiting men’s emotional expressiveness.

97. The concept of "gender equality" is about:

(A) Men and women having the same gender identity

(B) Men and women having the same legal rights and opportunities

(D) Gender roles being strictly defined

(B) Men and women having the same legal rights and opportunities

Explanation: Gender equality ensures that individuals of all genders have equal rights, opportunities, and treatment without discrimination, regardless of gender identity or sex.

98. What does the term "queer" encompass in modern usage?

(A) A fixed sexual orientation only

(B) A term for individuals who reject traditional gender norms and embrace a fluid gender identity or sexual orientation

(D) Only individuals who are transgender

(B) A term for individuals who reject traditional gender norms and embrace a fluid gender identity or sexual orientation

Explanation: "Queer" has evolved as an umbrella term that rejects traditional gender norms and categories, embracing fluidity in both gender identity and sexual orientation.

99. Which of the following terms refers to individuals who experience sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex?

(A) Homosexual

(B) Bisexual

(D) Asexual

Explanation: Heterosexual individuals are those who are attracted to people of the opposite sex. This is the most common sexual orientation.

100. Which of the following best describes the concept of "genderqueer"?

(A) An individual who identifies exclusively as male or female

(B) A person whose gender identity exists outside the traditional male-female binary

(D) A person who identifies with both genders at the same time

(B) A person whose gender identity exists outside the traditional male-female binary

Explanation: Genderqueer refers to individuals who do not conform to traditional gender norms and identify outside the male/female binary, often embracing a gender identity that is fluid, non-binary, or genderless.

Sex, Gender, Masculinity, Femininity, Sexuality and Third Gender

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