Model MCQ's Auguste Comte
Auguste Comte: Social Statics and Dynamics
1. Who is regarded as the father of Sociology?
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Max Weber
(C) Auguste Comte
(D) Emile Durkheim
2. Sociology was divided into social statics and social dynamics by:
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Max Weber
(C) Auguste Comte
(D) Emile Durkheim
3. Social statics studies:
(A) Social movements
(B) Social structure and order
(C) Socialization
(D) Social conflict
4. Social dynamics deals with:
(A) Social equilibrium
(B) Social change and progress
(C) Social facts
(D) Social status
5. In Comte’s theory, the basic social unit is:
(A) State
(B) Tribe
(C) Family
(D) Religion
6. Which is NOT a stage in Comte’s Law of Three Stages?
(A) Theological
(B) Metaphysical
(C) Logical
(D) Positive
7. The positive stage emphasizes:
(A) Faith and belief
(B) Custom and tradition
(C) Scientific analysis
(D) Divine authority
8. Comte compared social statics and social dynamics to:
(A) Politics and law
(B) Anatomy and physiology
(C) Religion and culture
(D) Biology and chemistry
9. The “organic analogy” in sociology associates society with:
(A) Nation-state
(B) Living organism
(C) Machine
(D) Political system
10. The family, in social statics, is based naturally on:
(A) Polygamy
(B) Polyandry
(C) Monogamy
(D) Patriarchy
11. Increase in population leads to:
(A) Social isolation
(B) Division of labour and progress
(C) Breakdown of institutions
(D) Loss of discipline
12. The smallest unit in sociological analysis is:
(A) Society
(B) Family
(C) Individual
(D) Nation
13. Social dynamics includes the study of:
(A) Social order and tradition
(B) Succession, change, progress
(C) Power and authority
(D) Religion and culture
14. Sociology is the scientific study of:
(A) Physical phenomena
(B) Social phenomena
(C) Economic phenomena
(D) Biological phenomena
15. Social cooperation increases with:
(A) Declining population
(B) Family breakdown
(C) Society’s expansion and complexity
(D) Rise of conflict
16. Who introduced “survival of the fittest” in social sciences?
(A) Auguste Comte
(B) Herbert Spencer
(C) Emile Durkheim
(D) Max Weber
17. The relationship between individuals and society is mediated by:
(A) Government
(B) Family
(C) Markets
(D) Schools
18. Sociology was first coined as a discipline by:
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Max Weber
(C) Auguste Comte
(D) Emile Durkheim
19. The “Law of Three Stages” applies to:
(A) Human mind
(B) Social systems only
(C) Economic theory
(D) Religious texts
20. Which theorist gave the concept of “anomie”?
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Emile Durkheim
(C) Max Weber
(D) Auguste Comte
21. Social statics clarifies:
(A) Change and movement
(B) Laws and structure
(C) Economics
(D) Cultural diffusion
22. Functional specialization in society results from:
(A) No change in roles
(B) Social mobility only
(C) Cooperation and division of labor
(D) Family breakdown
23. Social order is maintained through:
(A) Revolution
(B) Functional specialization
(C) Neglect
(D) Anarchy
24. Religion in Comte’s sociology is centered on:
(A) Ritual
(B) Humanity
(C) Wealth
(D) Power
25. The positive stage uses:
(A) Custom
(B) Faith
(C) Science
(D) Art
26. Sociology is a product of which revolution?
(A) French
(B) Russian
(C) American
(D) English
27. Who classified groups into in-group and out-group?
(A) Cooley
(B) Homans
(C) Sumner
(D) Mead
28. Gemeinschaft represents:
(A) Community
(B) Caste
(C) Clan
(D) Group
29. Which sociologist described society as “web of social relationships”?
(A) MacIver
(B) Ogburn
(C) Aristotle
(D) Marx
30. Sociological imagination was popularized by:
(A) Auguste Comte
(B) C. Wright Mills
(C) Emile Durkheim
(D) Max Weber
31. Little tradition refers to:
(A) Urban culture
(B) Folk or unlettered peasants
(C) Village elites
(D) Caste system
32. Social control has two aspects. These are:
(A) Pressure-oriented and norms-oriented
(B) Pressure and customs
(C) Value and customs
(D) Religion and customs
33. Customs are also called:
(A) Culture
(B) Value
(C) Folkways
(D) Mores
34. Cultural lag occurs when:
(A) Material culture changes rapidly, non-material lags
(B) Non-material culture changes, material lags
(C) Both change equally
(D) Neither changes
35. The term sociology is derived from the ________ word socius and __________ word logos.
(A) Latin, Greek
(B) Greek, Latin
(C) English, Latin
(D) French, Greek
36. Who pioneered the idea of scientific study of society?
(A) Plato
(B) Adam Smith
(C) Auguste Comte
(D) John Graunt
37. Sociology is the study of:
(A) Social facts
(B) Political acts
(C) Economic indices
(D) Psychological states
38. Which is the rule or standard that governs conduct?
(A) Values
(B) Norms
(C) Laws
(D) Beliefs
39. Marriage is a/an:
(A) Custom
(B) Universal social institution
(C) Economic act
(D) Social class
40. Who was the main advocator of Formalistic school?
(A) Simmel
(B) Durkheim
(C) Comte
(D) Marx
41. What is the meaning of the term Gemeinschaft?
(A) Community
(B) Society
(C) Kin
(D) Clan
42. The proponent of the concept “primary group” in social science is:
(A) Mead
(B) Cooley
(C) M. N. Roy
(D) Montesquieu
43. The basis of a slave system is always:
(A) Political
(B) Economic
(C) Custom
(D) Social need
44. Which is the indicator of an open stratification system?
(A) Ethnicity
(B) Caste
(C) Class
(D) Religion
45. An informal method of social control is:
(A) Law
(B) Custom
(C) Sanction
(D) Regulation
46. Identify a slow and gradual process from the following:
(A) Assimilation
(B) Acculturation
(C) Integration
(D) Diffusion
47. Non-material culture is communicated mostly to:
(A) Strangers
(B) Like-minded people
(C) Authorities
(D) Outsiders
48. “Society is the product of ______ revolution.”
(A) Economic
(B) French
(C) American
(D) Russian
49. The concept “cultural complex” refers to:
(A) Larger clusters of traits
(B) Customs only
(C) Rituals
(D) Artifacts
50. “Commonsense” means:
(A) Instinct
(B) Reasoning
(C) Learned ability
(D) Innate ability
51. Social statics is concerned with:
(A) Social structure
(B) Social mobility
(C) Social change
(D) Social conflict
52. Social dynamics refers to:
(A) Established laws
(B) Social stability
(C) Forces of change
(D) Social isolation
53. The study of sociology is essentially about:
(A) Social laws
(B) Religion
(C) Heredity
(D) Technology
54. Which of the following best defines social solidarity?
(A) Integration
(B) Division
(C) Isolation
(D) Regression
55. Who is credited with developing the idea of “mechanical solidarity”?
(A) Comte
(B) Durkheim
(C) Weber
(D) Marx
56. “Organic solidarity” arises from:
(A) Homogeneity
(B) Small population
(C) Division of labour
(D) Ritualistic behaviour
57. The “Law of Three Stages” was introduced by:
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Auguste Comte
(C) Max Weber
(D) Emile Durkheim
58. Comte’s theory suggests society progresses from religious to:
(A) Economic
(B) Scientific
(C) Social
(D) Pragmatic
59. The main concern of social dynamics is:
(A) Social stability
(B) Social progress
(C) Individual conflict
(D) Economic growth
60. According to Durkheim, organic solidarity is common in:
(A) Simple societies
(B) Homogeneous societies
(C) Complex societies
(D) Isolated societies
61. Which sociologist focused on the “function of religion” in society?
(A) Marx
(B) Durkheim
(C) Weber
(D) Spencer
62. The book “The Division of Labour in Society” is authored by:
(A) Comte
(B) Durkheim
(C) Weber
(D) Marx
63. The concept “anomie” was introduced by:
(A) Comte
(B) Durkheim
(C) Weber
(D) Simmel
64. Sociological imagination is a term popularized by:
(A) C. Wright Mills
(B) Karl Marx
(C) Auguste Comte
(D) Max Weber
65. Social mobility refers to:
(A) Change in physical location
(B) Movement between social statuses
(C) Movement in religious beliefs
(D) Change in family values
66. Cultural lag occurs when:
(A) All cultural elements change at the same rate
(B) Material culture changes faster than non-material culture
(C) Non-material culture changes faster than material culture
(D) Both change simultaneously
67. The concept of “culture complex” refers to:
(A) Group of related cultural traits
(B) Migration patterns
(C) Economic growth
(D) Customary law
68. “Mores” are:
(A) Informal customs
(B) Enforced by law
(C) Strong social norms
(D) Scientific facts
69. Which describes cyclical social change?
(A) Progress in a straight line
(B) Change in repetitive cycles
(C) Change is random
(D) Change only in institutions
70. “Challenge and response” theory of social change was presented by:
(A) Durkheim
(B) Toynbee
(C) Weber
(D) Marx
71. Who gave the theory of circulation of elites?
(A) Pareto
(B) Spencer
(C) Weber
(D) Marx
72. Social control is exercised through:
(A) Laws
(B) Customs
(C) Morality
(D) All of these
73. Who classified groups as primary and secondary?
(A) Cooley
(B) Mead
(C) Marx
(D) Durkheim
74. Sociology is best defined as:
(A) Study of political systems
(B) Study of physical phenomena
(C) Study of society and social relationships
(D) Study of economic inequalities
75. Who gave the concept of “Gemeinschaft” and “Gesellschaft”?
(A) Tonnies
(B) Simmel
(C) Durkheim
(D) Weber
76. The primary characteristic of mechanical solidarity is:
(A) Specialization
(B) Homogeneity
(C) Heterogeneity
(D) Formal rules
77. Organic solidarity develops in societies with:
(A) Simple technology
(B) Specialized roles
(C) Lack of division of labor
(D) Low interaction
78. Which process is continuous and gradual in social assimilation?
(A) Diffusion
(B) Acculturation
(C) Integration
(D) Assimilation
79. Social facts are a major contribution of:
(A) Marx
(B) Durkheim
(C) Weber
(D) Spencer
80. Non-material culture is primarily communicated to:
(A) Strangers
(B) Outsiders
(C) Like-minded groups
(D) Authorities
81. Who viewed society as a theatre stage with actors?
(A) Marx
(B) Durkheim
(C) Goffman
(D) Weber
82. The process of integration involves:
(A) Social isolation
(B) Imposing will
(C) Fitting into group life
(D) Withdrawal
83. Norms are:
(A) Rules governing behaviour
(B) Religious beliefs
(C) Economic traditions
(D) None of these
84. A society with homogeneous, small population is characterized by:
(A) Organic solidarity
(B) Mechanical solidarity
(C) Heterogeneous solidarity
(D) Formal organization
85. When labour is specialized, society displays:
(A) Mechanical solidarity
(B) Organic solidarity
(C) Heterogeneous solidarity
(D) No solidarity
86. Sociology emerged out of intellectual efforts in:
(A) Physics
(B) Biology
(C) Social problems
(D) All of these
87. Who defined sociology as “the study of social relationships”?
(A) MacIver
(B) Durkheim
(C) Marx
(D) Weber
88. Secondary groups are marked by:
(A) Personal relations
(B) Formal interactions
(C) Emotional bonds
(D) Small size
89. “Social integration” describes:
(A) Division and conflict
(B) Isolation
(C) Unity in society
(D) Economic theory
90. Cultural diffusion occurs when:
(A) Culture spreads to other groups
(B) Culture remains unchanged
(C) There is cultural lag
(D) Society regresses
91. Who emphasized “economic conditions” as driving social change?
(A) Marx
(B) Spencer
(C) Durkheim
(D) Weber
92. Socialization process starts from:
(A) School
(B) Family
(C) Workplace
(D) Neighbourhood
93. Cultural relativism means:
(A) Judging cultures by own standards
(B) Understanding cultures on their own terms
(C) Cultural imperialism
(D) Cultural isolation
94. In-group refers to:
(A) Outsiders
(B) The group a person identifies with
(C) Large societies
(D) Secondary group
95. Who gave the “iron law of oligarchy”?
(A) Durkheim
(B) Weber
(C) Michels
(D) Marx
96. The most important feature in a class system is:
(A) Birth
(B) Achievement
(C) Fixed occupation
(D) Religion
97. Sociology is a/an:
(A) Natural science
(B) Social science
(C) Physical science
(D) Religious study
98. Stratification means:
(A) Hierarchical arrangement in society
(B) Social integration
(C) Conflict and regression
(D) Diffusion
99. Which sociologist introduced the concept of “ideal type”?
(A) Marx
(B) Weber
(C) Durkheim
(D) Spencer
100. Which is considered the “basic unit of society”?
(A) Group
(B) Tribe
(C) Family
(D) Community
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