SOE-505: Social Problems in Indian
Short Questions ( 2 marks )
1. Defined Social Problem? (Choose any one)
1. According to Fuller and Myers, a social problem is “a condition which is defined by a considerable number of persons as a deviation from some social norms which they cherish.”
2. According to Merton and Nisbet define social problem as “a way of behaviour that is regarded by a substantial part of society as being in violation of one or more generally accepted or approved norms.”
3. According to Carr, “a social problem exists whenever we become conscious of a difficulty, a gap between our preference and the reality.”
4. According to Goddard, “Poverty is insufficient supply of those things which are requisite for an individual to maintain himself and those dependent upon him in his health and vigour.”
2. Mention two characteristics of social problems? (Choose any two)
Ans: According to Weinberg has mentioned six main characteristics of social problems which may be briefly examined here.
1. Social problems arise by being collectively defined as objectionable by many members of the community.
2. Social problems change when the concerned behavioural patterns are interpreted differently.
3. Mass media like newspaper, television, radio, magazines, movies, play an important role in creating awareness about the scope and urgency of social problems.
4. Social problems have to be viewed in the context of the society’s values and institutions.
5. Social problems need to be analyzed in terms of the influences upon them by group processes and social relationships.
3. What are the theoretical approaches to social problem? (Choose any two)
1. Social Disorganization Approach
2. Cultural Lag Approache
3. Value Conflict Approach
4. Personal Deviation Approach
5. Anomie Approach
4. What are the causes of Social Problem? (Choose any two)
Ans: Social problem arise out of pathological social conditions. Reinhardt has given the factors in the development of social problems:
1. Differentation and multiplication of interests and functions
2. Acceleration frequency of social change or growth of civilization
3. Man's development insight to make a scientific analysis
5. Discuss how social problems are interconnected with the broader social structure.
Ans: Social problems often arise due to imbalances and inequalities within society. For instance, issues like poverty, crime, and discrimination are rooted in social structures and systems. Understanding social problems requires an analysis of how factors such as economic conditions, political policies, and cultural norms contribute to their existence. Recognizing these interconnections is essential for developing effective strategies to address social problems.
6. What are the techniques of sociological research in studying social problem? (Choose any two)
Ans: There are three methods have mainly been used in studying social problem:
1. Case Study Method
2. Social Survey Method
3. Multiple Factor Method
7. Explain the significance of addressing social problems for the overall well-being of a society.
Ans: Addressing social problems is crucial for the overall well-being of a society as it contributes to social stability and harmony. When social problems such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination are tackled, it enhances the quality of life for individuals and communities. Therefore, by resolving these issues promotes a sense of social justice, equality, and inclusivity, fostering a healthier and more cohesive society.
8. Discuss the role of awareness in addressing social problems and their significance in societal progress.
Ans: Creating awareness about social problems is essential for their resolution. Awareness helps in mobilizing public support, encouraging collective action, and influencing policymakers to implement effective solutions. Moreover, understanding the significance of social problems promotes a proactive approach to societal progress, emphasizing the importance of addressing root causes rather than merely treating symptoms. This awareness is instrumental in fostering a socially responsible and proactive citizenry.
9. What strategies and approaches can be employed to effectively address and solve social problems within a community or society?
Ans: After understanding and judging social problems, the society has to be effective and has to take some action whether it is by attempting to alter to established social institutions or by by trying to alleviate them by adopting measure without trying to change the existing institutions.
10. What are the key characteristics and dimensions that define the nature of social problems in India, and how do these factors contribute to the complexity of addressing societal issues within the Indian context?
Ans: The nature of social problems in India is not very different from that in other civilized countries of the world, though there are certain problems peculiar to this country because of differences in culture, social set up and certain other historical and political reasons. For example, unemployment, gambling, crime, etc. are considered to be social problems in all the countries though the extent of the problem and the causes giving rise to them may differ due to differences in political, economic, social and cultural setting. But the problems of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are peculiar to India because of the prevailing caste system. The problem of refugees arose after Independence as a result of the partition of the country.
11. Defined Social Disorganization? (Choose any one)
1. In the word of Elliott and Merrill, “Social disorganization represents a breakdown in the equilibrium of forces, a decay in the social structure, so that old habits and forms of social control no longer function effectively.”
2. Elliot and Merrill, “Social disorganization represents a breakdown in the equilibrium of forces, a decay in the social structure, so that old habits and forms of social control no longer function effectively.”
12. What are the causes of Social Disorganization?
Ans: Social disorganization has been and is always present in every society. Elliott and Merrill have ascribed the four main causes for the disorganization:
1. The social process under the three main heads: (a) Cultural, (b) Political and (c) Economic.
2. Cultural lag
3. Conflicting attitudes and values
4. Social crisis
13. Is there any correlation between social problems with social disorganization? Can you justify it?
Ans: When an individual (or a group of individuals) is disorganized and is not functioning according to the norms laid down by the society the social problem is in existence. A social problem can be seen as a significant discrepancy between social standards and social actuality. Generally, it is a group of individually disorganized persons having the same problem, which represents a social problem. Thus, when a number of persons are unemployed, the problem of unemployment is in existence.
14. According to Bernad, what are the types of elements involved in the repressive and tense conditions that follow social problems?
Ans: According to Bernad, the repressive and tense condition consequent of social problems may involve three types of elements:
1. Tension factors which challange some values of society
2. Social values which are being challenged
3. Intense reaction of individuals and groups to challenge
15. Explain the factors that contribute to social disorganization and its consequences for community life.
Ans: Social disorganization can arise from factors such as economic decline, population mobility, and weakened social institutions. When these factors are present, it disrupts the normal functioning of a community, leading to increased social problems. Consequences may include higher crime rates, decreased trust among community members, and challenges in addressing shared issues. Understanding these factors is essential for developing strategies to prevent or mitigate social disorganization.
16. What are the forms of disorganization?
1. Social disorganization
2. Personal disorganization
3. Familial disorganization
17. What are the causes contributing to the present-day social disorganization observed in societies? (Choose any two)
1. Casteism and Untouchability
2. Religoius Differnces
3. Communalism
4. Language Parochialism
5. Lack of Integral Education
6. Urbanization
8. Industrialization
9. Crime and Juvenile Delinquency
10. Poverty and Unemployment
18. What are the stages involved in personal disorganization, as identified in the context of individual experiences or behavior?
First Stage: In the first stage there is a problem and the individual attempts to find a solution. But if the individual fails to find a solution, he loses his stability.
Second Stage: If there is no satisfactory solution, the individual will enter the second stage of disorganization. Here the individual remains permanently unadjusted.
Third Stage: This stage lead to insanity or suicide.
19. What are the causes of Personal/Individual Disorganization? (Choose any two)
Ans: Elliott and Merrill have mentioned four kinds of factors or situation which often disturb the individual's pattern of living, those are :
1. Biological factors
2. Environment factors
3. Insecurity of status and role
4. Social Crises
20. What are the effects of Personal/Individual Disorganization? (Choose any two)
1. It gives rise to frustration
2. The people may get alcoholic
3. Criminal activities
4. Drug addiction
5. Family disorganization
6. Community disorganization
7. Job discrimination
21. What are the causes of family disorganization?
1. Pesonal Factors
2. Social and Cultural Factors or Impersonal Factors
22. What are the effects of family disorganization? (Choose any two)
1. tress and mental illness
2. Sense of un-security
3. Divorce
4. Criminals/ social evils
5. Hopelessness
6. Attempt suicide
7. Emotionally un-satisfaction/ disturbance
23. What is the different between deviance and deviant?
Deviance: Deviance is a broader sociological concept that refers to any behavior, action, or attribute that violates social norms, expectations, or values within a particular society. It encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from minor rule violations to more serious criminal acts.
Deviant: Deviant, on the other hand, is a term used to describe individuals who engage in deviant behavior. A deviant person is someone who deviates from the established norms and expectations of society. Being labeled as deviant often results from engaging in actions that are perceived as outside the acceptable boundaries of social behavior.
24. In understanding deviant behavior, what are the two crucial viewpoints that provide insights?
Ans: To understand deviant behavior, it is essential to consider the normative perspective and situational perspective. Both perspectives contribute valuable insights into the complexities of deviance within the social fabric.
25. What are the types of Deviance? (Choose any two)
1. Cultural and Psychological Deviation
2. Individual and Group Deviation
3. Primary and Secondary Deviation
26. How do sociological theories aim to provide explanations for deviance?
Ans: Sociological theories attempt to explain deviance by looking at the socio-cultural context of deviance. The explanations include both the deviant acts and actors.
27. Who was convinced that there was a “born criminal type”?
Ans: Italian physicianpsychiatrist Lombroso (1835-1909)
28. Can you enhance the understanding of psychological explanations of deviance by elaborating on how these explanations contribute to our comprehension of deviant behavior.
Ans: Psychological explanations lay emphasis on the mind of the individual, rather than on body types. These explanations focus on such subjective factors as personality structure, learning, goals, interests, motivations, will power, frustration, ego strength, anxiety, guilt, etc. Social psychologists often consider the social context of behaviour, in addition to these subjective factors.
29. Identify the theories given by various sociological theories contribute to explaining deviance, particularly by examining the socio-cultural context?
1. Anomie Theory
2. Socio-cultural Learning Theories
3. Labelling Theory
4. Conflict Theory
30. Can you identigy the main reason(s) in which it has difficulties in defining deviance?
1. Variation by time
2. Variation by culture
3. Variation by social position
31. What is deviance?
Ans: Deviance refers to norm violations or to that behaviour which departs from some norms or standard behaviour
32. What is the major focus of biological theorists?
Ans: Biological theorists tend to focus on heredity or anatomical or physiological factors
33. Definition of alcoholism? (Choose any one)
1. According to Jonson defined “Alcoholism is a condition in which the individual has lost control over his alcohol intake in that he is constantly unable to refrain from drinking once he begins.”
2. Keller and Efron put it as “Alcoholism is characterized by the repeated drinking of alcoholic beverage to an extent that exceeds customary use or compliance with the social customs of the community and that interferes with the drinker’s health or his social or economic functioning.”
3. Clinebell defines as “An alcoholic is one whose drinking interferes frequently or continuously with any of his important life adjustments and interpersonal relationships.”
4. Seldon Bacon defines alcoholism as “a disease characterized by a compulsion to drink in order to face the ordinary life problems.”
5. Collins Dictionary of sociology: Alcoholism refers to “To the consumption of alcohol to excess; leading to psychological and physical dependency and addiction.”
34. According to G. R. Madan and C. B. Mamoria, how many types of drinkers are there? Explain them?
(i) Moderate Drinkers: There are the drinkers who take liquor in quantity they can tolerate. These drinkers are not “drunkards” for they have some control over their habit.
(ii) Problem Drinkers: These are the drinkers who take liquor in quantity they cannot tolerate or withstand. For them, drinking has become their routine.
35. According to Don Cahalan, how many classifications of alcohol drinkers are there based on the frequency of drinking rather than the quantity of alcohol consumed? (Choose any two)
(i) Rare Users: Those who desire alcoholic drink very rarely, say, once or twice a year.
(ii) Infrequent Users: Those who drink infrequently are called “infrequent users”. Such persons drink once or twice in 2-3 months, that is, less than once a month.
(iii) Light Drinkers: Those who drink relatively frequently in comparison with the drinkers of previous category. Such persons drink once or twice a month.
(iv) Moderate Drinkers: Those who have control over drinking, but slowly becoming habituated to it for they consume alcohol three or four times in a month.
(v) Heavy Drinkers: Those who drink every day or consume alcohol several times a day. They are actually the alcoholics. They can even be called “hard-core” drinkers.
36. In Marshall B. Clinard's "Sociology of Deviant Behaviour," how many types of drinkers are mentioned, considering both the type and quantity of drinking? (Choose any two)
(i) Moderate Drinkers: Those who are not drunkards nor or they habituated to it. They drink occasionally in parties, sometimes due to the pressure of the companions or to the special social circumstances. Drinking of these people cannot be considered a problem nor a great weakness from the point of view of modern norms.
(ii) Excessive drinkers: Some are habituated to drinking. These people drink excessively and experience the compulsion of drinking again and again though they have not become the slaves of drinking; they often lose control over their drinking. Even at this stage, these people have sufficient mental stamina to take a firm decision to have control over their drinking.
(iii) Morbid drinkers: These are the people who drink excessively and also frequently for they have become the slaves of drinking. They drink for various purposes say, to forget family problems, to run away mentally from the personal economic crises, to overcome physical inabilities and so on. Their excessive drinking may even make them to become diseased.
(iv) Alcoholics or continuous drinkers: Drinking habit reaches its climax in these persons. They consider drinking as their great ideal in life. They believe that they cannot live or survive without drinking. Day in and day out they think of only drinking. Drinking habit overrules them and in the real sense of the word they become alcoholics or drunkards. They lose their physical, mental and moral health and finally become the victims of drinking.
37. What are the three primary elements of addictive disease, often referred to as the three Cs?
1. Compulsion
2. Loss of Control
3. Continued use in spite of adverse consequences
38. According to Jellinek, what are the stages of alcoholism?
1. The Pre-Alcoholic Stage
2. Early-Stage Alcoholism
3. The Middle Alcoholic Stage
4. End-Stage Alcoholism
39. What is the life expectancy of an alcoholic?
Ans: The average life expectancy for heavy drinkers is reported to be 24-28 years less than for people in the general population. This amounts to a life expectancy of 47-53 years for men and 50-58 years for women
40. What is the final stage in the development of alcoholism?
Ans: End-stage alcoholism is the final, and most dire, stage of alcohol misuse. When a person enters this phase, the long-term effects of heavy drinking start to become impossible to hide. Drinking is no longer just for social occasions or to unwind at the end of the day; it becomes an all-day activity. Priorities shift to make drinking alcohol the No. 1 priority in the person’s life. This may cause a person to lose their job and even their family.
41. What is Alcohol use disorder (AUD)?
Ans: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences.
42. What are the signs and symptoms associated with alcohol abuse and dependence?
Ans: Signs and Symptoms:
Alcoholism or too much dependence on alcohol causes some short and long term effects.
Short term symptoms include drowsiness, vomiting, slurred speech, stomach cramps, gastritis, headache, blurred vision, problems in maintaining coordination, blackouts, anaemia or loss of oxygen supply to the body.
Long-term signs symptoms include drunken driving causing accidents, domestic violence, alcohol poisoning, high blood pressure, stroke, liver diseases, sexual problems, brain damage, ulcerations in the stomach, cancer of the gut and throat.
43. Define Drug Addiction?
Ans: According to W.H.O (World Health Organization) defines drug addiction as, "a state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and to society produced by the repeated consumption of drug, natural or synthetic."
44. What is drug abuse?Choose any one)
1. Paul Fuqua refers to 'drug abuse' as, "the use of a substance is such a way that it leads to such personal and/or social consequences as impaired physical or mental health, impaired maturation, loss of productivity, and involvement in socially disruptive or illegal activities."
2. Ram Ahuja states that "drug abuse is the use of illicit drug or misuse of legitimate drug resulting in physical or psychological harm."
45. What id drug dependence?
Ans: Drug dependence denotes habitual or frequent use of a drug. Drug dependence is of two types:
i) Physical Dependence: It refers to the body’s need for a drug. It exists when the use of a drug is stopped and may result in withdrawal symptoms such as vomiting, fever, hypertension etc.
ii) Psychological Dependence: It refers to the mind’s need for a drug. It is a craving or a strong psychological need for pleasurable mental effects produced by a drug.
46. What is addiction?
Ans: Addiction: The term addiction is used rather loosely to refer to any habitual or frequent use of a drug, with or without dependence. In fact, addiction is a complex phenomenon that involves the drug user’s physical and psychological condition, the type of drug, and the amount and frequency of use. It is a state whereby the body requires continued administration of the drug in order to function.
47. What is drug? (Choose any one)
1. Drug is a chemical substance associated with distinct physical or psychological effects. It alters a person’s normal bodily processes or functions.
2. The WHO (World Health Organization) Expert Committee defines drug as, "any substance that, when taken into the living organism, may modify one or more of its functions."
3. Joseph Julian states that drug is "any chemical substance which affects bodily function, mood, perception or consciouness which has potential for misuse and which may be harmful to the individual or the society."
48. What is the full form of AIDS?
Ans: Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
49. What is the full form of HIV?
Ans: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
50. What is AIDS?
Ans: AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome) is a disease which is caused by a virus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV.
51. In India which state HIV was first diagnosed and in which year?
Ans: In Inda, the first cases of HIV was diagnosed among sex workers in Madras (now Chennai) in 1986.
52. What are the main sources of transmission of virus?
1. Prostitutes
2. Homosexuals
3. Drug addicts
4. Blood donors
5. HIV positive pregnant women
53. According to Renee Sabatier how the pandemic of HIV virus originated?
Ans: According to Renee Sabatier, he pointed out three explanations of the origin of HIV virus:
1. It originated from an old human disease unknown to science for the long time.
2. It has originated from species other than human-beings, like apes, monkeys who suffered from natural virus.
3. It accidentally originated in laboratories while conducting experiments.
54. Out of the three explanation given by Renee Sabatier, which one is most excepted to the scholars?
Ans: The first one is more accepted to the scholars.
55. What is the lin between STD and HIV?
Ans: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also called sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that spread from person to person through sexual activity, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Many health care providers use the term “infection” instead of “disease”, because a person with an infection may have no symptoms but still require treatment. When untreated, an STD can become a disease. Having an STD can make it easier to get HIV.
For example, Chancroid, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis can increase the risk of HIV transmission by two to nine times. On the other hand, HIV is a sexually transmitted infection, but it can progress to a disease called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) when HIV infection is untreated.
To prevent STDs, including HIV, choose less risky sexual behaviours and use condoms correctly every time you have sex.
56. Can you name any two institutions in India in which proper information regarding AIDS is provided? (Write any two)
1. National AIDS Control Organization [NACO], New Deldhi
2. TATA Institude of Social Sciences, Mumbai
3. Indian Health Organization, Mumbai
4. Voluntary Health Association of India
5. AIDS Research Foundation of India, Chennai
6. South India AIDS Action Programme, Chennai
7. Child in Need Justice, Calcutta
8. Parivar Seva Samsthan, New Delhi
9. Women and AIDS Cell, New Delhi
10. All India Institution of Medical Sciences [AIIMS]
11. Human Service Centre, Varanasi
12. Community Medicine Centre [AIDS Section]
57. Defined Child Labour?
1. Child labour has been dened in W.P.(Crl.) No. 2069/2005 in the matter of Save the Childhood Foundation Vs. Union of India and Others. As “a system of employing or engaging a child to provide labour or service to any person, for any payment or benet, paid to the child or to any other person exercising control overthe said child.”
2. According to ILO, the term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, theirpotential and theirdignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.
58. In which Article(s) of the Constitution of India safeguard the protection and development of children?
Ans: Article 15 (3)
59. With regard to child labour, can you mention any two specific Articles in the constitution which are important to understand?
1. Article 21A
2. Article 24
3. Article 39
60. Identifying the Article: "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manneras the State may, by law, determine"?
Ans: Article 21A
61. Identifying the Article: "No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory ormine orengaged in any otherhazardous employment"?
Ans: Article 24
62. Identifying the Article: "that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enteravocations unsuited to theirage orstrength"?
Ans: Article 39 (e)
63. Identifying the Article:"that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment"?
Ans: Article 39 (f)
64. Mention any two causes of Child Labour?
1. Poverty
2. Low level of education & ignorance among the family
3. Social exclusion
4. Migration
5. Gender bias
6. Dysfunctional families
65. Who constituted the first committee in 1979 to study the issue of child labor in India?
Ans: The Government of India formed the Gurupadswamy Committee in 1979 to study the issue of child labor and recommend measures to address it.
66. What legislative action was taken based on the recommendations of the Gurupadaswamy Committee, and what were the key provisions of the resulting act?
Ans: The Gurupadaswamy Committee's recommendations led to the enactment of the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act in 1986. This act prohibited the employment of children in specified hazardous occupations and processes while regulating the working conditions in other sectors.
67. In which year a National Policy on Child Labour was formulated?
Ans: 1987
68. Why did the Government of India amend the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, in 2016?
1. To remove the contradiction of child labourlaw with the Right to Education Act, according to which elementary education is free for every child in a neighborhood school. The contradiction existed as the child labour law allowed children upto 14 years of age to work in non-hazardous occupations and processes and on the other hand, RTE made education free and compulsor.y
2. Need to ratify ILO Convention 138 that relates to keeping the minimum age of entry to work at 15 years keeping in view the diverse stages of socio-economic development of the country
3. Need to ratify ILO Convention 182 that relates to prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labouras a matterof urgency.
69. Who is a child?
Ans: (Person who has not completed 14 years of age or as specied in RTE whichever is more.
70. Who is an adolescent?
Ans: Person who has completed 14 years but not completed 18.
71. What is the difference between kidnapping and abduction?
Kidnapping: Kidnapping (under section 363 of IPC)is taking away or enticing of a minor (female of less than 18 years and a male of less than 16 years of age) without the consent of the lawful guardian.
Abduction: Abduction (under section 363 of IPC) is forcibly, fraudulently or deceitfully taking away of a woman with an intent of seducing her to illicit sex or compelling her to marry a person against her will.
72. What is wife-battering?
Ans: Wife-battering refers to the act of physical violence or abuse inflicted upon a wife by her husband. The violence can range from slaps and kicks to breaking bones, torture adn attempted murder and even murder itself. Someties, the violence may be related to drunkenness but not always.
73. What does the phrase 'crime against women' refer to?
Ans: The phrase 'crime against women' refers to crimes in which a woman is the victim. The phrase contains two terms, 'crime' which refers only to those crimes in which the victim is female and 'against women' refers to those acts which are legally forbidden, interntionally committed and punishable by courts.
74. What are the causes of poverty in India? (Answer any two)
1. Rapidly rising population
2. Low productivity in agriculture
3. Under-utilized resources
4. Low rate of economic development
5. Price rise
6. Unemployment
7. Shortage of capital and able entrepreneurship
8. Social factor
9. Political factors
75. Write any two types of violence against Women in India? (answer any two)
1. Sexual violence
2. Sexual harassment
3. Kidnapping and abduction
4. Dowry
5. Child Marriage
6. Female infanticides and sex selective abortions
7. Wife battering
8. Eve-teasing
9. Rape
10. Acid attacks
76. Write any two forms of corruption that could manifest within society?
1. Bribe
2. Nepotism
3. Misappropriation
4. Patronage
5. Favouritism
77. What are two factors that contribute to social poverty?
1. Traditionalism
2. Illiteracy and ignorance
3. Dominance of Caste and Joint Families
4. Spread of diseases
78. What are some reasons behind urban poverty in India?
1. Lack of affordable housing complicates access to basic services.
2. Rural infrastructure inadequacy forces migration to cities.
3. Influx of rural inhabitants causes overcrowding and informal settlements.
4. Lack of health awareness leads to high disease rates.
5. Low income hampers access to medical help, perpetuating health issues in urban areas.
79. What are the two types of poverty alleviation programs initiated by the Government of India?
1. Encouraging self-employment.
2. Providing supplementary wage employment.
80. What formula can be used to calculate the unemployment rate?
Ans: Unemployment Rate = (No. of Unemployed Persons / Total Labour Force) x 100
81. Sociologist Edwin Sutherland categorized crimes into two types based on their severity. What are they?
1. Felony
2. Misdemeanor
82. Provide two categories that can lead to cybercrime.
1. Target cybercrime
2. Tool cybercrime
3. Computer incidental: What role does a computer play in this particular type of cybercrime
83. What was the name of the book written by Professor S.T. Viswanathan, where he has three definitions of cyber crime?
Ans: Professor S.T. Viswanathan has given three definitions in his book The Indian Cyber Laws with Cyber Glossary.
84. Write any two Characteristics of Cyber Crime?
1. People with specialized knowledge
2. Geographical challenges
3. Virtual World
4. Collection of Evidence
5. Magnitude of crime unimaginable
85. What is Cyber pornography?
Ans: Cyber pornography can be defined as the act of using cyberspace to create, display, distribute, import, or publish pornography or obscene materials. With the advent of cyberspace, traditional pornographic content has now been largely replaced by online/digital pornographic content.
86. What is cyber stalking?
Ans: According to Professor Lamber Royakkers - “Cyber stalking is the repeatedly harassing or threatening of an individual via the internet or other electronic means of communication. A cyber stalker is someone with amorous and/or sexual motives who constantly harasses someone else electronically: via the bulletin board, chats box, email, spam, fax, buzzer or voice-mail
87. Mention any two ways in which cyber stalking could be conducted?
1. Stalking by E-mail
2. Stalking through Internet
3. Stalking through Computer
88. What is SMS Phishing?
Ans: It is the fraudulent practice of sending text messages purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords or credit card numbers. It is also called Smishing.
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